A191318 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of dispersed Dyck paths of length n (i.e., Motzkin paths of length n with no (1,0) steps at positive heights) having pyramid weight equal to k.

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 1, 5, 10, 4, 1, 6, 16, 12, 1, 7, 24, 30, 8, 1, 8, 33, 56, 28, 1, 9, 44, 98, 84, 16, 1, 10, 56, 152, 179, 64, 1, 11, 70, 228, 358, 224, 32, 1, 12, 85, 320, 618, 536, 144, 1, 13, 102, 440, 1030, 1206, 576, 64, 1, 14, 120, 580, 1580, 2292, 1528, 320, 1, 15, 140, 754, 2370, 4202, 3820, 1440, 128

Offset: 0

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Jun 01 2011

Keywords

• nonn
• tabf

Comments

A pyramid in a dispersed Dyck path is a factor of the form U^h D^h, h being the height of the pyramid and U=(1,1), D=(1,-1). A pyramid in a dispersed Dyck path w is maximal if, as a factor in w, it is not immediately preceded by a U and immediately followed by a D. The pyramid weight of a dispersed Dyck path is the sum of the heights of its maximal pyramids.

Row n has 1 + floor(n/2) entries.

Sum of entries in row n is binomial(n, floor(n/2)) = A001405(n).

Examples

			T(6,2)=10 because we have HH(UD)(UD), HH(UUDD), H(UD)H(UD), H(UD)(UD)H, H(UUDD)H, (UD)HH(UD), (UD)H(UD)H, (UD)(UD)HH, (UUDD)HH, and U(UD)(UD)D, where U=(1,1), D=(1,-1), H=(1,0); the maximal pyramids are shown between parentheses.
Triangle starts:
  1;
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  2;
  1,  3,  2;
  1,  4,  5;
  1,  5, 10,  4;
  1,  6, 16, 12;
  1,  7, 24, 30,  8;
		

Links

• A. Denise and R. Simion, Two combinatorial statistics on Dyck paths, Discrete Math., 137, 1995, 155-176.

Crossrefs

Cf. A001405, A001859, A191319.

Programs

Maple

a := (z-1)*(2*t*z^2+z-1): c := -1+t*z^2: eq := a*z*G^2+a*G+c: f := RootOf(eq, G): fser := simplify(series(f, z = 0, 20)): for n from 0 to 16 do P[n] := sort(expand(coeff(fser, z, n))) end do: for n from 0 to 16 do seq(coeff(P[n], t, k), k = 0 .. floor((1/2)*n)) end do; # yields sequence in triangular form

Formula

T(n,0) = 1;

T(n,1) = n-1 (n>=1).

T(n,2) = A001859(n-3) (n>=4).

Sum_{k>=0} k*T(n,k) = A191319(n).

G.f.: G=G(t,z) satisfies z*(1-z)*(z-1+2*t*z^2)*G^2 + (1-z)*(z-1+2*t*z^2)*G+1-t*z^2=0.