A192018 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of unordered pairs of nodes at distance k in the binary Fibonacci tree of order n (1<=k<=2n-3; entries in row n are the coefficients of the corresponding Wiener polynomial).

1, 3, 2, 1, 6, 6, 5, 3, 1, 11, 13, 14, 12, 10, 5, 1, 19, 24, 30, 31, 31, 28, 19, 7, 1, 32, 42, 56, 66, 74, 78, 77, 61, 32, 9, 1, 53, 71, 98, 124, 152, 175, 196, 203, 180, 118, 49, 11, 1, 87, 118, 166, 218, 284, 349, 419, 485, 525, 502, 384, 207, 70, 13, 1, 142, 194, 276, 370, 499, 645, 812, 998, 1189, 1331, 1349, 1152, 749, 336, 95, 15, 1

Offset: 2

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Jun 21 2011

Keywords

• nonn
• tabf

Comments

The binary Fibonacci trees f(k) of order k is a rooted binary tree defined as follows: 1. f(0) has no nodes and f(1) consists of a single node. 2. For k>=2, f(k) is constructed from a root with f(k-1) as its left subtree and f(k-2) as its right subtree. See the Iyer & Reddy references.

Row n contains 2n-3 entries.

T(n,1) = A001911(n-1) (Fibonacci numbers minus 2).

Sum_{k>=1} k*T(n,k) = A192019(n) (the Wiener indices).

Examples

			Triangle starts:
   1;
   3,  2,  1;
   6,  6,  5,  3,  1;
  11, 13, 14, 12, 10,  5,  1;
  19, 24, 30, 31, 31, 28, 19,  7,  1;
		

References

• K. Viswanathan Iyer and K. R. Udaya Kumar Reddy, Wiener index of Binomial trees and Fibonacci trees, Int'l. J. Math. Engin. with Comp., Accepted for publication, Sept. 2009.

Links

• B. E. Sagan, Y-N. Yeh and P. Zhang, The Wiener Polynomial of a Graph, Internat. J. of Quantum Chem., 60, 1996, 959-969.
• K. Viswanathan Iyer and K. R. Udaya Kumar Reddy, Wiener index of binomial trees and Fibonacci trees, arXiv:0910.4432 [cs.DM], 2009.

Crossrefs

Cf. A001911, A192019.

Programs

Maple

G := z/((1-z)*(1-t*z-t*z^2)): Gser := simplify(series(G, z = 0, 13)): for n to 10 do r[n] := sort(coeff(Gser, z, n)) end do; w[1] := 0: w[2] := t: for n from 3 to 10 do w[n] := sort(expand(w[n-1]+w[n-2]+t*r[n-1]+t*r[n-2]+t^2*r[n-1]*r[n-2])) end do: for n from 2 to 10 do seq(coeff(w[n], t, k), k = 1 .. 2*n-3) end do; # yields sequence in triangular form

Formula

The Wiener polynomial w(n,t) of the binary Fibonacci tree of order n satisfies the recurrence relation w(n,t) = w(n-1,t) + w(n-2,t) + t*r(n-1,t) + t*r(n-2) + t^2*r(n-1,t)*r(n-2,t), w(1,t)=0, w(2,t)=t, where r(n,t) is the generating polynomial of the nodes of the binary Fibonacci tree f(n) with respect to the level of the nodes (for example, r(2,t) = 1 + t for the tree / ; see A004070 and the Maple program).