A198338 Irregular triangle read by rows: row n is the sequence of Matula numbers of the rooted subtrees of the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n. A root subtree of a rooted tree T is a subtree of T containing the root.

1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, 2, 3, 3, 7, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 8, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 12, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 15, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6

Offset: 1

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Dec 04 2011

Keywords

• nonn
• tabf

Comments

The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.

Number of entries in row n is A184160(n). Row n>=2 can be easily identified: it starts with the entry following the first occurrence of n-1 and it ends with the first occurrence of n.

Examples

			Row 4 is [1,2,2,4] because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 4 is V and its root subtrees are *, |, |, and V.
Triangle starts:
1;
1,2;
1,2,3;
1,2,2,4;
1,2,3,5;
1,2,2,3,4,6;
		

References

• F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
• I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
• I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
• D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Review, 10, 1968, 273.

Links

• E. Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv:1111.4288

Crossrefs

Cf. A198339.

Programs

Maple

with(numtheory): MRST := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow; n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then [1] elif bigomega(n) = 1 then sort([1, seq(ithprime(mrst[pi(n)][i]), i = 1 .. nops(mrst[pi(n)]))]) else sort([seq(seq(mrst[r(n)][i]*mrst[s(n)][j], i = 1 .. nops(mrst[r(n)])), j = 1 .. nops(mrst[s(n)]))]) end if end proc: for n to 1000 do mrst[n] := MRST(n) end do;

Formula

Row 1 is [1]; if n = p(t) (= the t-th prime), then row n is [1, p(a), p(b), ... ], where [a,b,...] is row t; if n=rs (r,s >=2), then row n consists of the numbers r[i]*s[j], where [r[1], r[2],...] is row r and [s[1], s[2], ...] is row s. The Maple program, based on this recursive procedure, yields row n (<=1000; adjustable) with the command MRST(n).