A206483 -id:A206483 - cp's OEIS frontend

A212628 Number of maximal independent vertex subsets in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 5, 2, 3, 5, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 7, 5, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5, 2, 7, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 6, 4, 5, 5, 3, 5, 9, 8, 6, 3, 4, 8, 5, 5, 2, 9, 9, 3, 4, 6, 4, 6, 5, 7, 8, 2, 8, 8, 3, 4, 9, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 11, 3, 7, 8, 5, 4, 16, 6, 8, 5, 7, 5, 8, 5, 3, 10, 6, 8, 9, 9, 5, 3, 8, 5, 13, 8, 5, 6, 9, 5, 9, 3, 3, 9, 6, 10, 6, 3, 6, 5, 13, 6, 12, 5, 5, 6

Offset: 1

Emeric Deutsch, Jun 08 2012

nonn

A vertex subset in a tree is said to be independent if no pair of vertices is connected by an edge. The empty set is considered to be independent. An independent vertex subset S of a tree is said to be maximal if  every vertex that is not in S is joined by an edge to at least one vertex of S.
The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.
Let A(n)=A(n,x), B(n)=B(n,x), C(n)=C(n,x) be the generating polynomial with respect to size of the maximal independent sets that contain the root, the maximal independent sets that do not contain the root, and the independent sets which are not maximal but become maximal if the root is removed, respectively. We have A(1)=x, B(1)=0, C(1)=1, A(t-th prime) = x[B(t) + C(t)], B(t-th prime) = A(t), C(t-th prime)=B(t), A(rs)=A(r)A(s)/x, B(rs)=B(r)B(s)+B(r)C(s)+B(s)C(r), C(rs)=C(r)C(s) (r,s>=2). The generating polynomial of the maximal independent vertex subsets with respect to size is P(n, x)=A(n,x)+B(n,x). Then a(n) = P(1,n). The Maple program is based on these relations.

			a(11)=4 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 11 is the path tree on 5 vertices R - A - B - C - D; the maximal independent vertex subsets are {R,C}, {A,C}, {A,D}, and {R,B,D}.

É. Czabarka, L. Székely, and S. Wagner, The inverse problem for certain tree parameters, Discrete Appl. Math., 157, 2009, 3314-3319.
Emeric Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22
D. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
H. S. Wilf, The number of maximal independent sets in a tree, SIAM J. Alg. Disc. Math., 7, 1986, 125-130.
Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Cf. A212627.

with(numtheory): P := proc (n) local r, s, A, B, C: r := n -> op(1, factorset(n)): s := n -> n/r(n): A := proc (n) if n = 1 then x elif bigomega(n) = 1 then x*(B(pi(n))+C(pi(n))) else A(r(n))*A(s(n))/x end if end proc: B := proc (n) if n = 1 then 0 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then A(pi(n)) else sort(expand(B(r(n))*B(s(n))+B(r(n))*C(s(n))+B(s(n))*C(r(n)))) end if end proc: C := proc (n) if n = 1 then 1 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then B(pi(n)) else expand(C(r(n))*C(s(n))) end if end proc: if n = 1 then x else sort(expand(A(n)+B(n))) end if end proc: seq(subs(x = 1, P(n)), n = 1 .. 120);
# For a more efficient calculation, the procedure P() could easily be simplified and optimized to yield A212628(n): remove "sort(expand...)" and replace x with 1 in appropriate places. - M. F. Hasler, Jan 06 2013

r[n_] := FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]];
s[n_] := n/r[n];
A[n_] := Which[n == 1, x, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, x*(B[PrimePi[n]] + c[PrimePi[n]]), True, A[r[n]]*A[s[n]]/x];
B[n_] := Which[n == 1, 0, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, A[PrimePi[n]], True, B[r[n]]*B[s[n]] + B[r[n]]*c[s[n]] + B[s[n]]*c[r[n]]];
c[n_] := Which[n == 1, 1, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, B[PrimePi[n]], True, c[r[n]]*c[s[n]]];
P[n_] := A[n] + B[n];
a[n_] := CoefficientList[P[n], x] // Total;
Table[a[n], {n, 1, 120}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2024, after Maple code *)

a(n) = Sum_{k>=1} A212627(n,k).

A202853 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of k-matchings of the rooted tree having Matula-Goebel number n (n>=1, k>=0).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 4, 3, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 6, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4, 2, 1, 5, 5, 1, 1, 4, 1, 5, 5, 1, 5, 5, 1, 5, 6, 1, 1, 5, 5, 1, 1, 5, 3, 1, 6, 10, 4, 1, 5, 5, 1, 1, 6, 9, 4, 1, 5, 4, 1, 5, 5, 1, 6, 9, 3, 1, 5, 6, 1, 1, 5, 1, 6, 10, 4, 1, 5, 5, 1, 6, 9, 2

Offset: 1

Emeric Deutsch, Feb 14 2012

The entries in row n are the coefficients of the matching-generating polynomial of the rooted tree having Matula-Goebel number n (see the MathWorld link).
A k-matching in a graph is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common.
The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.
After activating the Maple program, the command m(n) will yield the matching-generating  polynomial of the rooted tree corresponding to the Matula-Goebel number n.

			T(11,2)=3 because the rooted tree corresponding to n=11 is a path abcde on 5 vertices. We have three 2-matchings:  (ab,cd), (ab,de), and (bc,de).
Triangle starts:
  1;
  1,1;
  1,2;
  1,2;
  1,3,1;
  1,3,1;
  ...

C. D. Godsil, Algebraic Combinatorics, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1993.

É. Czabarka, L. Székely, and S. Wagner, The inverse problem for certain tree parameters, Discrete Appl. Math., 157, 2009, 3314-3319.
Emeric Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Matching-Generating Polynomial
Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Cf. A206483 (matching number), A193404 (row sums), A347967 (end-most each row), A193403.

Cf. A202854 (palindromic rows).

with(numtheory): N := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then 1 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then 1+N(pi(n)) else N(r(n))+N(s(n))-1 end if end proc: M := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then [0, 1] elif bigomega(n) = 1 then [x*M(pi(n))[2], M(pi(n))[1]+M(pi(n))[2]] else [M(r(n))[1]*M(s(n))[2]+M(r(n))[2]*M(s(n))[1], M(r(n))[2]*M(s(n))[2]] end if end proc: m := proc (n) options operator, arrow: sort(expand(M(n)[1]+M(n)[2])) end proc: for n to 35 do seq(coeff(m(n), x, j), j = 0 .. degree(m(n))) end do; # yields sequence in triangular form

r[n_] := FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]];
s[n_] := n/r[n];
V[n_] := Which[n == 1, 1, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, 1 + V[PrimePi[n]], True, V[r[n]] + V[s[n]] - 1];
M[n_] := Which[n == 1, {0, 1}, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, {x*M[PrimePi[n]][[2]], M[PrimePi[n]][[1]] + M[PrimePi[n]][[2]]}, True, {M[r[n]][[1]]* M[s[n]][[2]] + M[r[n]][[2]]*M[s[n]][[1]], M[r[n]][[2]]*M[s[n]][[2]]}];
m[n_] := Total[M[n]];
T[n_] := CoefficientList[m[n], x];
Table[T[n], {n, 1, 35}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 24 2024, after Maple code *)

Define b(n) (c(n)) to be the generating polynomials of the matchings of the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n that contain (do not contain) the root, with respect to the size of the matching (a k-matching has size k). We have the following recurrence for the pair M(n)=[b(n),c(n)]. M(1)=[0,1]; if n=prime(t) (=the t-th prime), then M(n)=[xc(t),b(t)+c(t)]; if n=r*s (r,s,>=2), then M(n)=[b(r)c(s)+c(r)b(s), c(r)c(s)]. Then m(n)=b(n)+c(n) is the generating polynomial of the matchings of the rooted tree with respect to the size of the matchings (called the matching-generating polynomial). T(n,k) is the coefficient of x^k in the polynomial m(n). [The actual matching polynomial is obtained by the substitution x = -1/x^2, followed by multiplication by x^N(n), where N(n) is the number of vertices of the rooted tree.]

A347967 Number of maximum matchings in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 5, 5, 1, 1, 3, 4, 1, 4, 4, 5, 3, 1, 5, 4, 5, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 7, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 4, 3, 4, 8, 8, 2, 2, 5, 1, 1, 6, 7, 3, 5, 5, 2, 4, 7, 6, 1, 1, 3, 8, 1, 6, 7, 3, 2, 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 9, 5, 3, 4, 4, 7, 2, 8

Offset: 1

Kevin Ryde, Sep 22 2021

nonn

Kevin Ryde, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Kevin Ryde, PARI/GP code and algorithm notes
Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Cf. A206483 (matching number), A202853 (matchings by size), A347966 (maximal matchings), A193404 (all matchings).

PARI
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a(n) = A202853(n, A206483(n)), being the end-most term of row n of A202853.

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A212628 Number of maximal independent vertex subsets in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

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A202853 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of k-matchings of the rooted tree having Matula-Goebel number n (n>=1, k>=0).

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A347967 Number of maximum matchings in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

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