A212632 The domination number of the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2

Offset: 1

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Jun 11 2012

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

The domination number of a simple graph G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating subset of G.

The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.

Examples

			a(5)=2 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 5 is the path tree R - A - B - C; {A,B} is a dominating subset and there is no dominating subset of smaller cardinality.
		

Links

• S. Alikhani and Y. H. Peng, Introduction to domination polynomial of a graph, arXiv:0905.2251 [math.CO], 2009.
• É. Czabarka, L. Székely, and S. Wagner, The inverse problem for certain tree parameters, Discrete Appl. Math., 157, 2009, 3314-3319.
• E. Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
• F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
• I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
• I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
• D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
• Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Crossrefs

Cf. A212618 - A212631.

Programs

Maple

with(numtheory): P := proc (n) local r, s, A, B, C:
r := n -> op(1, factorset(n)): s := n-> n/r(n):
A := proc (n) if n = 1 then x elif bigomega(n) = 1 then x*(A(pi(n))+B(pi(n))+C(pi(n))) else A(r(n))*A(s(n))/x end if end proc:
B := proc (n) if n = 1 then 0 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then A(pi(n)) else sort(expand(B(r(n))*B(s(n))+B(r(n))*C(s(n))+B(s(n))*C(r(n)))) end if end proc:
C := proc (n) if n = 1 then 1 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then B(pi(n)) else expand(C(r(n))*C(s(n))) end if end proc:
sort(expand(A(n)+B(n))) end proc:
A212632 := n->degree(P(n))-degree(numer(subs(x = 1/x, P(n)))): seq(A212632(n), n = 1 .. 120);

Mathematica

A[n_] := Which[n == 1, x, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, x*(A[PrimePi[n]] + B[PrimePi[n]] + c[PrimePi[n]]), True, A[r[n]]*A[s[n]]/x];
B[n_] := Which[n == 1, 0, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, A[PrimePi[n]], True, Expand[B[r[n]]*B[s[n]] + B[r[n]]*c[s[n]] + B[s[n]]*c[r[n]]]];
c[n_] := Which[n == 1, 1, PrimeOmega[n] == 1, B[PrimePi[n]], True, Expand[c[r[n]]*c[s[n]]]];
r[n_] :=  FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]];
s[n_] := n/r[n];
P[n_] := Expand[A[n] + B[n]];
a[n_] := Exponent[P[n], x] - Exponent[Numerator[P[n] /. x -> 1/x // Together], x];
Array[a, 100] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 14 2017, after Emeric Deutsch *)

Formula

In A212630 one gives the domination polynomial P(n)=P(n,x) of the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n. We have a(n) = least exponent in P(n,x).