A217104 Minimal number (in decimal representation) with n nonprime substrings in base-4 representation (substrings with leading zeros are considered to be nonprime).

2, 1, 5, 4, 19, 17, 16, 75, 67, 66, 64, 269, 263, 266, 257, 256, 1053, 1031, 1035, 1029, 1026, 1024, 4125, 4119, 4123, 4107, 4099, 4098, 4096, 16479, 16427, 16431, 16407, 16395, 16391, 16386, 16384, 65709, 65629, 65579, 65581, 65559, 65543, 65539, 65537, 65536

Offset: 0

Author

Hieronymus Fischer, Dec 12 2012

Keywords

• nonn
• base

Comments

The sequence is well-defined in that for each n the set of numbers with n nonprime substrings is not empty. Proof: Define m(n):=2*sum_{j=i..k} 4^j, where k:=floor((sqrt(8*n+1)-1)/2), i:= n-A000217(k). For n=0,1,2,3,... the m(n) in base-4 representation are 2, 22, 20, 222, 220, 200, 2222, 2220, 2200, 2000, 22222, 22220, .... m(n) has k+1 digits and (k-i+1) 2’s. Thus, the number of nonprime substrings of m(n) is ((k+1)*(k+2)/2)-k-1+i = (k*(k+1)/2)+i = n, which proves the statement.

If p is a number with k prime substrings and d digits (in base-4 representation), m>=d, than b := p*4^(m-d) has m*(m+1)/2 - k nonprime substrings, and a(A000217(n)-k) <= b.

Examples

			a(0) = 2, since 2 = 2_4 is the least number with zero nonprime substrings in base-4 representation.
a(1) = 1, since 1 = 1_4 is the least number with 1 nonprime substring in base-4 representation.
a(2) = 5, since 5 = 11_4 is the least number with 2 nonprime substrings in base-4 representation (these are 2-times 1).
a(3) = 4, since 4 = 10_4 is the least number with 3 nonprime substrings in base-4 representation (these are 0, 1 and 10).
a(4) = 19, since 19 = 103_4 is the least number with 4 nonprime substrings in base-4 representation, these are 0, 1, 10, and 03 (remember, that substrings with leading zeros are considered to be nonprime).
a(7) = 75, since 75 = 1023_4 is the least number with 7 nonprime substrings in base-4 representation, these are 0, 1, 10, 02, 023, 102 and 1023 (remember, that substrings with leading zeros are considered to be nonprime: 2_4 = 2, 3_4 = 3 and 23_4 = 11 are the only base-4 prime substrings of 75).
		

Links

• Hieronymus Fischer, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..528

Crossrefs

Cf. A019546, A035232, A039996, A046034, A069489, A085823, A211681, A211682, A211684, A211685.

Cf. A035244, A079397, A213300-A213321.

Cf. A217102-A217109.

Cf. A217302-A217309.

Formula

a(n) >= 4^floor((sqrt(8*n-7)-1)/2) for n>0, equality holds if n is a triangular number (cf. A000217).

a(A000217(n)) = 4^(n-1), n>0.

a(A000217(n)-k) >= 4^(n-1) + k, 0<=k0.

a(A000217(n)-k) = 4^(n-1) + p, where p is the minimal number >= 0 such that 4^(n-1) + p, has k prime substrings in base-4 representation, 0<=k0.