A228639 Decimal expansion of Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^floor(n*sqrt(2))/n.

5, 1, 5, 4, 1, 8, 4, 5, 5, 8, 2, 5, 4, 1, 7, 9, 9, 1, 3, 3, 0, 1, 1, 9, 1, 9, 9, 6, 3, 9, 4, 2, 9, 8, 7, 1, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 1, 8, 5, 4, 8, 0, 1, 5, 8, 5, 2, 9, 1, 7, 3, 6, 7, 1, 8, 6, 6, 0, 9, 8, 7, 9, 1, 8, 9, 7, 2, 1, 4, 9, 9, 0, 5, 7, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 5

Offset: 0

Author

Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 31 2013

Keywords

• nonn
• cons

Comments

From Jon E. Schoenfield, Jul 08 2015: (Start)

If we define the partial sum s_n = Sum_{i=1..n} (-1)^floor(i*sqrt(2))/i then the real-valued sequence s_1, s_2, s_3, ... converges very slowly, and the convergence is not smooth because of the aperiodicity created by the (-1)^floor(i*sqrt(2)) factor. However, if we define the partial sum S_j = s_(n_j) where n_j is the j-th Pell number, then the real-valued sequence S_1, S_2, S_3, ... converges fairly quickly. It appears that, for either even or odd values of j, as j increases, S_j approaches

c0 + (c1 + k1*log(n))/n_j + (c2 + k2*log(n))/(n_j)^2 + (c3 + k3*log(n))/(n_j)^3 + ...,

but the coefficients c1, k1, c2, k2, c3, k3, etc. take one set of values when j is even and a different set of values when j is odd.

However, it also appears that, if we define the sequence of real numbers t_1, t_2, ... that results from adjusting each of the terms of the S_j sequence using

t_j = S_j - Sum{i=1..D} (-1)^(ij)*sqrt(2)*(j*d_i+(j mod 2)) / r^(j*(2i-1))

where r is the limit of the ratio Pell(j+1)/Pell(j) as j increases, i.e., r = 1 + sqrt(2), and d is the (empirically-determined) integer sequence

d = {0, 1, 3, 61, 395, 47041, 504987, 182501677, 2705354787, 2186736573121, ...}

(from which we use the first D terms in the above formula for t_j), then the sequence of real numbers t_1, t_2, ... follows the simpler form

c0 + C1/n_j + C2/(n_j)^2 + C3/(n_j)^3 + ...

where the coefficients c0, C1, C2, C3, etc. do not depend on the parity of j, and simple numerical methods can be used to evaluate those coefficients. E.g., if we use D=10 (or more), and if each of the values t_j is computed with a little more than 100 digits of precision, then c0 = -0.51541845582541799... can be obtained to 100 digits of precision by applying simple numerical methods to accelerate the convergence of the 21 values t_1, t_2, ..., t_21. (End)

Examples

			-0.51541845... (in reference only -0.5154, next digits computed by _Vaclav Kotesovec_).
-0.51541845582541799133011919963942987110456791854801... - _Jon E. Schoenfield_, Jul 08 2015
		

References

• A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O. I. Marichev, "Integrals and Series", Volume 1: "Elementary Functions", Chapter 5: "Series", New York, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986-1992, p. 652, formula 6.

Links

• Jon E. Schoenfield, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
• R. J. Mathar, Approximations to sum_{n>=1} (-1)^floor(n*sqrt 2)/n

Crossrefs

Cf. A001951, A006337, A184774.

Formula

Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^floor(n*sqrt(2))/n.