A232174 Number of ways to write n = x + y (x, y > 0) with x + n*y and x^2 + n*y^2 both prime.

0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 5, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 4, 1, 7, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 4, 3, 5, 2, 8, 2, 6, 3, 3, 3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 7, 5, 7, 3, 5, 3, 3, 1, 11, 4, 7, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3, 8, 5, 6, 1, 14, 1, 6, 7, 6, 6, 8, 3, 6, 7, 7, 5, 9, 3, 3, 5, 7, 7, 15, 5, 6, 5, 2, 5, 15, 6, 12, 8, 7, 3, 15, 8, 10, 5

Offset: 1

Author

Zhi-Wei Sun, Nov 19 2013

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 1. Also, a(n) = 1 only for n = 2, 5, 8, 14, 19, 20, 24, 32, 54, 68, 101, 168.

(ii) Every n = 3, 4, ... can be written as x + y (x, y > 0) with x*n + y and x*n - y both prime.

(iii) Any integer n > 2 can be written as P + q (q > 0) with p and p + n*q both prime. Also, any integer n > 7 can be written as p + q (q > 0) with p and n*q - p both prime.

In a paper published in 2017, the author announced a USD $200 prize for the first solution to his conjecture that a(n) > 0 for all n > 1. - Zhi-Wei Sun, Dec 03 2017

Examples

			a(2) = 1 since 2 = 1 + 1 with 1 + 2*1 = 1^2 + 2*1^2 = 3 prime.
a(5) = 1 since 5 = 3 + 2 with 3 + 5*2 = 13 and 3^2 + 5*2^2 = 29 both prime.
a(8) = 1 since 8 = 5 + 3 with 5 + 8*3 = 29 and 5^2 + 8*3^2 = 97 both prime.
a(14) = 1 since 14 = 9 + 5 with 9 + 14*5 = 79 and 9^2 + 14*5^2 = 431 both prime.
a(19) = 1 since 19 = 13 + 6 with 13 + 19*6 = 127 and 13^2 + 19*6^2 = 853 both prime.
a(20) = 1 since 20 = 11 + 9 with 11 + 20*9 = 191 and 11^2 + 20*9^2 = 1741 both prime.
a(24) = 1 since 24 = 5 + 19 with 5 + 24*19 = 461 and 5^2 + 24*19^2 = 8689 both prime.
a(32) = 1 since 32 = 23 + 9 with 23 + 32*9 = 311 and 23^2 + 32*9^2 = 3121 both prime.
a(54) = 1 since 54 = 35 + 19 with 35 + 54*19 = 1061 and 35^2 + 54*19^2 = 20719 both prime.
a(68) = 1 since 68 = 45 + 23 with 45 + 68*23 = 1609 and 45^2 + 68*23^2 = 37997 both prime.
a(101) = 1 since 101 = 98 + 3 with 98 + 101*3 = 401 and 98^2 + 101*3^2 = 10513 both prime.
a(168) = 1 since 168 = 125 + 43 with 125 + 168*43 = 7349 and 125^2 + 168*43^2 = 326257 both prime.
		

References

• D. A. Cox, Primes of the Form x^2 + n*y^2, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.

Links

• Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
• Zhi-Wei Sun, Conjectures on representations involving primes, in: M. Nathanson (ed.), Combinatorial and Additive Number Theory II: CANT, New York, NY, USA, 2015 and 2016, Springer Proc. in Math. & Stat., Vol. 220, Springer, New York, 2017, pp. 279-310. (See also arXiv:1211.1588 [math.NT].)

Crossrefs

Cf. A000040, A036468, A219842, A219864, A220413.

Programs

Mathematica

a[n_]:=Sum[If[PrimeQ[k+n(n-k)]&&PrimeQ[k^2+n(n-k)^2],1,0],{k,1,n-1}]
Table[a[n],{n,1,100}]