cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A259592 Denominators of the other-side convergents to sqrt(3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 7, 15, 26, 56, 97, 209, 362, 780, 1351, 2911, 5042, 10864, 18817, 40545, 70226, 151316, 262087, 564719, 978122, 2107560, 3650401, 7865521, 13623482, 29354524, 50843527, 109552575, 189750626, 408855776, 708158977, 1525870529, 2642885282, 5694626340
Offset: 0

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Author

Clark Kimberling, Jul 20 2015

Keywords

Comments

Suppose that a positive irrational number r has continued fraction [a(0), a(1), ...]. Define sequences p(i), q(i), P(i), Q(i) from the numerators and denominators of finite continued fractions as follows:
p(i)/q(i) = [a(0), a(1), ... a(i)] and
P(i)/Q(i) = [a(0), a(1), ..., a(i) + 1].
The fractions p(i)/q(i) are the convergents to r, and the fractions P(i)/Q(i) are introduced here as the "other-side convergents" to r, because p(2k)/q(2k) < r < P(2k)/Q(2k) and P(2k+1)/Q(2k+1) < r < p(2k+1)/q(2k+1), for k >= 0.
Closeness of P(i)/Q(i) to r is indicated by |r - P(i)/Q(i)| < |p(i)/q(i) - P(i)/Q(i)| = 1/(q(i)Q(i)), for i >= 0.

Examples

			For r = sqrt(3), the first 7 other-side convergents are 4, 25/8, 355/113, 688/219, 104348/33215, 208341/66317, 312689/99532.  A comparison of convergents with other-side convergents:
i   p(i)/q(i)            P(i)/Q(i)   p(i)*Q(i) - P(i)*q(i)
0      1/1  < sqrt(3) <     2/1               -1
1      2/1  > sqrt(3) >     3/2                1
2      5/3  < sqrt(3) <     7/4               -1
3      7/4  > sqrt(3) >    12/7                1
4     19/11 < sqrt(3) <    26/15              -1
5     26/15 > sqrt(3) >    45/26               1
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A002530, A002531, A259593 (numerators).
Cf. A001353 (even bisection), A001075 (odd bisection).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    r = Sqrt[3]; a[i_] := Take[ContinuedFraction[r, 35], i];
    b[i_] := ReplacePart[a[i], i -> Last[a[i]] + 1];
    t = Table[FromContinuedFraction[b[i]], {i, 1, 35}]
    u = Denominator[t]
  • PARI
    Vec(-(x+1)*(x^2-x-1)/(x^4-4*x^2+1) + O(x^50)) \\ Colin Barker, Jul 21 2015

Formula

p(i)*Q(i) - P(i)*q(i) = (-1)^(i+1), for i >= 0, where a(i) = Q(i).
a(n) = 4*a(n-2) - a(n-4) for n>3. - Colin Barker, Jul 21 2015
G.f.: -(x+1)*(x^2-x-1) / (x^4-4*x^2+1). - Colin Barker, Jul 21 2015
a(2n) = A001353(n+1); a(2n+1) = A001075(n+1). - Antonio Alberto Olivares, Jul 23 2021
a(n) = 3^(n/2 + 1/2 - t)*((2 + sqrt(3))^t - (-1)^n*(2 - sqrt(3))^t)/2, where t = floor(n/2) + 1. - Ridouane Oudra, Aug 03 2021
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