A264755 Triangle T(n,g) read by rows: Partition of the set of (2n-1)! circular permutations on 2n elements according to the minimal genus g of the surface in which one can immerse the non-simple closed curves with n crossings determined by those permutations.
1, 4, 2, 42, 66, 12, 780, 2652, 1608, 21552, 132240, 183168, 25920, 803760, 7984320, 20815440, 10313280
Offset: 1
Examples
Taking n = 5 crossings and genus g=0, one obtains a subset of T(5, 0) = 21552 circular permutations of Sym(10) which correspond, in the OO case (the circle is oriented, the sphere is oriented), to the union 179 orbits of length 120=5!/1 and 3 orbits of length 24=5!/5 with respective centralizers of order 1 and 5 under the action of the symmetric group Sym(5) acting on this subset: 179*120 + 3*24 = 21552. The total number of orbits 179 + 3 = 182 = A008986(5) = A260285(5, 0) is the number of immersed spherical curves (g=0) with 5 crossings, in the OO case. The next entry, T(5, 1) = 132240, gives the number of circular permutations that describe immersed closed curves in a torus (g=1), with n=5 crossings, up to stable geotopy; the number of such closed curves in the OO case is 1102 = A260285(5, 1). Triangle begins: 1 4 2 42 66 12 780 2652 1608 21552 132240 183168 25920 803760 7984320 20815440 10313280 ...
Links
- R. Coquereaux and J.-B. Zuber, Maps, immersions and permutations, arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.03163 [math.CO], 2015-2016. Also J. Knot Theory Ramifications 25, 1650047 (2016), DOI: 10.1142/S0218216516500474
Programs
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Magma
/* Example: line n=5 of the triangle */ n:=5; G:=Sym(2*n); CG := Classes(G); pos:= [j: j in [1..#CG] | CycleStructure(CG[j][3]) eq [<2*n,1>]][1]; circularpermutations:=Class(G,CG[pos][3]); //circularpermutations doubleG := Sym(4*n); psifct := function(per); perinv:=per^(-1); res:= [IsOdd(j) select (j+1)^per else j-1 + 2*n : j in [1..2*n] ]; resbis := [IsOdd((j-2*n)^perinv) select (j-2*n)^perinv +1 +2*n else ((j-2*n)^perinv -1)^per : j in [2*n+1..4*n] ]; res cat:= resbis; return doubleG!res; end function; numberofcycles := function(per); ess := CycleStructure(per); return &+[ess[i,2]: i in [1..#ess]]; end function; supernumberofcycles := function(per); return numberofcycles(psifct(per)) ; end function; {* supernumberofcycles(x) : x in circularpermutations *}; quit;
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