A271608 Number of ordered ways to write n as pen(u) + pen(v) + pen(x) + pen(y) + pen(z) with u,v,x,y,z nonnegative integers such that u + 2*v + 4*x + 5*y + 6*z is a pentagonal number, where pen(k) denotes the pentagonal number k*(3k-1)/2.

1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 6, 4, 2, 1, 1, 8, 4, 5, 2, 2, 7, 10, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 2, 7, 11, 11, 4, 1, 5, 8, 13, 8, 6, 5, 3, 8, 8, 12, 7, 3, 8, 18, 16, 12, 2, 7, 10, 15, 11, 10, 4, 4, 11, 15, 22

Offset: 0

Author

Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 10 2016

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n = 0,1,2,..., and a(n) = 1 only for n = 0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 21, 22, 43. Also, every n = 0,1,2,... can be written as pen(u) + pen(v) + pen(x) + pen(y) + pen(z) with u,v,x,y,z nonnegative integers such that 3*u + 5*v + 11*x + 16*y + 19*z is also a pentagonal number.

(ii) Any integer n > 43 can be written as the sum of five pentagonal numbers u, v, x, y and z such that u + 2*v + 5*x + 7*y + 10*z is also a pentagonal number. Also, each integer n > 10 can be written as the sum of five pentagonal numbers u, v, x, y and z such that u + 2*v + 5*x + 7*y + 10*z is a square.

(iii) Any natural number n can be written as u^2 + v^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 with u^2 + 2*v^2 + 3*x^2 + 4*y^2 + 5*z^2 a square, where u, v, x, y and z are integers.

As conjectured by Fermat and proved by Cauchy, each natural number can be written as the sum of five pentagonal numbers.

See also A271510, A271513, A271518 and A271644 for some similar conjectures refining Lagrange's four-square theorem.

Examples

			a(7) = 1 since 7 = 5 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 = pen(2) + pen(0) + pen(1) + pen(0) + pen(1) with 2 + 2*0 + 4*1 + 5*0 + 6*1 = 12 = pen(3).
a(9) = 1 since 9 = 1 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 1 = pen(1) + pen(1) + pen(2) + pen(1) + pen(1) with 1 + 2*1 + 4*2 + 5*1 + 6*1 = 22 = pen(4).
a(22) = 1 since 22 = 0 + 0 + 5 + 12 + 5 = pen(0) + pen(0) + pen(2) + pen(3) + pen(2) with 0 + 2*0 + 4*2 + 5*3 + 6*2 = 35 = pen(5).
a(43) = 1 since 43 = 5 + 1 + 35 + 1 + 1 = pen(2) + pen(1) + pen(5) + pen(1) + pen(1) with 2 + 2*1 + 4*5 + 5*1 + 6*1 = 35 = pen(5).
		

Links

• Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1500
• Z.-W. Sun, On universal sums of polygonal numbers, Sci. China Math. 58(2015), no. 7, 1367-1396.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000290, A000326, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271644.

Programs

Mathematica

SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
pen[x_]:=pen[x]=x*(3x-1)/2
pQ[n_]:=pQ[n]=SQ[24n+1]&&(n==0||Mod[Sqrt[24n+1]+1,6]==0)
Do[r=0;Do[If[pQ[n-pen[x]-pen[y]-pen[z]-pen[w]]&&pQ[x+2y+4z+5w+6*Floor[(Sqrt[24(n-pen[x]-pen[y]-pen[z]-pen[w])+1]+1)/6]],r=r+1],{x,0,(Sqrt[24n+1]+1)/6},{y,0,(Sqrt[24(n-pen[x])+1]+1)/6},{z,0,(Sqrt[24(n-pen[x]-pen[y])+1]+1)/6},{w,0,(Sqrt[24(n-pen[x]-pen[y]-pen[z])+1]+1)/6}];Print[n," ",r];Label[aa];Continue,{n,0,70}]