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A282562 Number of ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with x,y,z,w nonnegative integers such that both 2*x - y and 9*z^2 + 666*z*w + w^2 are squares.

%I A282562 #8 Feb 18 2017 14:28:16
%S A282562 1,2,2,2,4,4,5,2,3,5,2,2,1,5,6,2,2,5,5,1,5,7,8,1,3,4,2,4,3,9,7,5,2,5,
%T A282562 5,4,8,3,9,3,4,4,5,3,1,7,6,3,2,13,7,5,5,5,8,3,2,3,5,2,1,6,10,6,4,8,9,
%U A282562 1,7,8,11,3,3,6,6,5,3,11,4,4,4
%N A282562 Number of ways to write n as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with x,y,z,w nonnegative integers such that both 2*x - y and 9*z^2 + 666*z*w + w^2 are squares.
%C A282562 Conjecture: a(n) > 0 for all n = 0,1,2,..., and a(n) = 1 only for n = 0, 16^k*m (k = 0,1,2,... and m = 12, 19, 23, 44, 60, 67, 139, 140, 248, 264, 347, 427, 499, 636, 1388, 1867, 1964, 4843).
%C A282562 By the linked JNT paper, any nonnegative integer can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2 with x,y,z,w nonnegative integers and z*(z-w) = 0. Whether z = 0 or z = w, the number 9*z^2 + 666*z*w + w^2 is definitely a square.
%C A282562 See also A282561 for a similar conjecture.
%H A282562 Zhi-Wei Sun, <a href="/A282562/b282562.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000</a>
%H A282562 Zhi-Wei Sun, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2016.11.008">Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem</a>, J. Number Theory 175(2017), 167-190.
%H A282562 Zhi-Wei Sun, <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1701.05868">Restricted sums of four squares</a>, arXiv:1701.05868 [math.NT], 2017.
%e A282562 a(12) = 1 since 12 = 2^2 + 0^2 + 2^2 + 2^2 with 2*2 - 0 = 2^2 and 9*2^2 + 666*2*2 + 2^2 = 52^2.
%e A282562 a(19) = 1 since 19 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 4^2 + 1^2 with 2*1 - 1 = 1^2 and 9*4^2 + 666*4*1 + 1^2 = 53^2.
%e A282562 a(44) = 1 since 44 = 5^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 + 3^2 with 2*5 - 1 = 3^2 and 9*3^2 + 666*3*3 + 3^2 = 78^2.
%e A282562 a(60) = 1 since 60 = 3^2 + 5^2 + 1^2 + 5^2 with 2*3 - 5 = 1^2 and 9*1^2 + 666*1*5 + 5^2 = 58^2.
%e A282562 a(67) = 1 since 67 = 4^2 + 7^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 2*4 - 7 = 1^2 and 9*1^2 + 666*1*1 + 1^2 = 26^2.
%e A282562 a(139) = 1 since 139 = 8^2 + 7^2 + 1^2 + 5^2 with 2*8 - 7 = 3^2 and 9*1^2 + 666*1*5 + 5^2 = 58^2.
%e A282562 a(140) = 1 since 140 = 3^2 + 5^2 + 5^2 + 9^2 with 2*3 - 5 = 1^2 and 9*5^2 + 666*5*9 + 9^2 = 174^2.
%e A282562 a(264) = 1 since 264 = 8^2 + 0^2 + 10^2 + 10^2 with 2*8 - 0 = 4^2 and 9*10^2 + 666*10*10 + 10^2 = 260^2.
%e A282562 a(499) = 1 since 499 = 7^2 + 5^2 + 20^2 + 5^2 with 2*7 - 5 = 3^2 and 9*20^2 + 666*20*5 + 5^2 = 265^2.
%e A282562 a(1388) = 1 since 1388 = 15^2 + 21^2 + 19^2 + 19^2 with 2*15 - 21 = 3^2 and 9*19^2 + 666*19*19 + 19^2 = 494^2.
%e A282562 a(1867) = 1 since 1867 = 16^2 + 31^2 + 5^2 + 25^2 with 2*16 - 31 = 1^2 and 9*5^2 + 666*5*25 + 25^2 = 290^2.
%e A282562 a(4843) = 1 since 4843 = 11^2 + 13^2 + 52^2 + 43^2 with 2*11 - 13 = 3^2 and 9*52^2 + 666*52*43 + 43^2 = 1231^2.
%t A282562 SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]];
%t A282562 Do[r=0;Do[If[SQ[2x-y],Do[If[SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]&&SQ[9z^2+666z*Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2-z^2]+(n-x^2-y^2-z^2)],r=r+1],{z,0,Sqrt[n-x^2-y^2]}]],{y,0,Sqrt[4n/5]},{x,Ceiling[y/2],Sqrt[n-y^2]}];Print[n," ",r];Continue,{n,0,80}]
%Y A282562 Cf. A000118, A000290, A271518, A281939, A281976, A282463, A282494, A282495, A282545, A282561.
%K A282562 nonn
%O A282562 0,2
%A A282562 _Zhi-Wei Sun_, Feb 18 2017