cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A306402 Number of coalescent histories for a matching completely symmetric gene tree and completely symmetric species tree with 2^n leaves.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 169, 1020100, 270062420147776, 686954819460520804489954417158400, 3171571350979001722602021784038902498684386645982829438130935832126653601
Offset: 0

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Author

Noah A Rosenberg, Feb 13 2019

Keywords

Comments

A completely symmetric tree with 2^n leaves is a tree recursively defined by subdividing the root into two descendant branches with equally many leaves. The number of coalescent histories for matching completely symmetric trees with 2^n leaves can be determined from a bivariate recursion that considers completely symmetric trees with 2^(n-1) leaves (Rosenberg 2007, Theorem 3.1).

Examples

			For n=2, the trees have 2^2=4 leaves. Labeling these leaves A, B, C, and D, suppose the gene tree and species tree have matching labeled topology ((A,B),(C,D)). Denote the species tree edges immediately ancestral to species tree nodes (A,B), (C,D), and ((A,B),(C,D)) by 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The 4 coalescent histories, representing the vector of the images of gene tree nodes ((A,B), (C,D), ((A,B),(C,D)) in the species tree, are (3,3,3), (1,3,3), (3,2,3), and (1,2,3).
		

Crossrefs

Coalescent histories appear also in A306205, A306295.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    b[0, k_] := 1
    Do[b[n, k] = Sum[b[n - 1, m]^2, {m, 2, k + 1}], {k, 1, 11}, {n, 1, 10}]
    Do[Print[b[n, 1]], {n, 0, 10}]
    (* Note: this is a bivariate recursion in which b[n,1] is of interest. The largest value of k required for evaluating b[n,1] increases as n decreases; set the upper limit on k larger than the upper limit on n. *)

Formula

a(n) = b(n,1), where b(n,k) is defined for integers n>=0 and k>=1, b(n,k) = Sum_{m=2..k+1} b(n-1,k+1)^2, and b(0,k)=1 for all k.
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