A326919 Decimal expansion of Sum_{k>=1} Kronecker(-7,k)/k.

1, 1, 8, 7, 4, 1, 0, 4, 1, 1, 7, 2, 3, 7, 2, 5, 9, 4, 8, 7, 8, 4, 6, 2, 5, 2, 9, 7, 9, 4, 9, 3, 6, 3, 0, 2, 9, 9, 9, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 8, 6, 1, 6, 5, 0, 3, 5, 7, 5, 7, 5, 1, 5, 2, 0, 2, 3, 8, 5, 8, 5, 8, 4, 5, 8, 8, 9, 0, 9, 3, 4, 0, 7, 1, 5, 7, 5, 4, 8, 2, 0, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9

Offset: 1

Author

Jianing Song, Nov 19 2019

Keywords

• nonn
• cons

Comments

Let Chi() be a primitive character modulo d, the so-called Dirichlet L-series L(s,Chi) is the analytic continuation (see the functional equations involving L(s,Chi) in the MathWorld link entitled Dirichlet L-Series) of the sum Sum_{k>=1} Chi(k)/k^s, Re(s)>0 (if d = 1, the sum converges requires Re(s)>1).

If s != 1, we can represent L(s,Chi) in terms of the Hurwitz zeta function by L(s,Chi) = (Sum_{k=1..d} Chi(k)*zeta(s,k/d))/d^s.

L(s,Chi) can also be represented in terms of the polylog function by L(s,Chi) = (Sum_{k=1..d} Chi'(k)*polylog(s,u^k))/(Sum_{k=1..d} Chi'(k)*u^k), where Chi' is the complex conjugate of Chi, u is any primitive d-th root of unity.

If m is a positive integer, we have L(m,Chi) = (Sum_{k=1..d} Chi(k)*polygamma(m-1,k/d))/((-d)^m*(m-1)!).

In this sequence we have Chi = A175629 and s = 1.

Examples

			1 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/5 - 1/6 + 1/8 + 1/9 - 1/10 + 1/11 - 1/12 - 1/13 + ... = Pi/sqrt(7) = 1.1874104117...
		

Links

• Sergio A. Carrillo, Where did the examples of Abel's continuity theorem go?, arXiv:2010.10290 [math.HO], 2020. See p. 11.
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Class Number.
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Dirichlet L-Series.
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Polygamma Function.

Crossrefs

Cf. A175629.

Decimal expansion of Sum_{k>=1} Kronecker(d,k)/k, where d is a fundamental discriminant: A093954 (d=-8), this sequence (d=-7), A003881 (d=-4), A073010 (d=-3), A086466 (d=5), A196525 (d=8), A196530 (d=12).

Decimal expansion of Sum_{k>=1} Kronecker(-7,k)/k^s: this sequence (s=1), A103133 (s=2), A327135 (s=3).

Programs

Mathematica

RealDigits[Pi/Sqrt[7], 10, 102] // First

PARI

default(realprecision, 100); Pi/sqrt(7)

Formula

Equals Pi/sqrt(7). This is related to the class number formula: if d<0 is the fundamental discriminant of an imaginary quadratic number field, Chi(k) = Kronecker(d,k), then L(1,Chi) = Sum_{k>=1} Kronecker(d,k)/k = 2*Pi*h(d)/(sqrt(|d|)*w(d)), where h(d) is the class number of K = Q[sqrt(d)], w(d) is the number of elements in K whose norms are 1 (w(d) = 6 if d = -3, 4 if d = -4 and 2 if d < -4). Here d = -7, h(d) = 1, w(d) = 2.

Equals (polylog(1,u) + polylog(1,u^2) - polylog(1,u^3) + polylog(1,u^4) - polylog(1,u^5) - polylog(1,u^6))/sqrt(-7), where u = exp(2*Pi*i/7) is a 7th primitive root of unity, i = sqrt(-1).

Equals (polygamma(0,1/7) + polygamma(0,2/7) - polygamma(0,3/7) + polygamma(0,4/7) - polygamma(0,5/7) - polygamma(0,6/7))/49.

Equals 1/Product_{p prime} (1 - Kronecker(-7,p)/p), where Kronecker(-7,p) = 0 if p = 7, 1 if p == 1, 2 or 4 (mod 7) or -1 if p == 3, 5 or 6 (mod 7). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 17 2023