A384655 a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A051903(gcd(n,k)).

0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 7, 4, 6, 1, 11, 1, 8, 7, 15, 1, 14, 1, 17, 9, 12, 1, 25, 6, 14, 13, 23, 1, 22, 1, 31, 13, 18, 11, 36, 1, 20, 15, 39, 1, 30, 1, 35, 26, 24, 1, 53, 8, 32, 19, 41, 1, 44, 15, 53, 21, 30, 1, 59, 1, 32, 34, 63, 17, 46, 1, 53, 25, 46, 1, 81, 1, 38

Offset: 1

Author

Amiram Eldar, Jun 06 2025

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

The terms of this sequence can be calculated efficiently using the 1st formula. The value the of function f(n, k) is equal to the number of integers i from 1 to n such that gcd(i, n) is 1 if k = 1, or k-free if k >= 2 (k-free numbers are numbers that are not divisible by a k-th power other than 1). E.g., f(n, 1) = A000010(n), f(n, 2) = A063659(n), and f(n, 3) = A254926(n).

Examples

			a(4) = A051903(gcd(4,1)) + A051903(gcd(4,2)) + A051903(gcd(4,3)) + A051903(gcd(4,4)) = A051903(1) + A051903(2) + A051903(1) + A051903(4) = 0 + 1 + 0 + 2 = 3.
		

Links

• Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Crossrefs

Cf. A000010, A033150, A005117, A050873, A051903, A051953, A063659, A067259, A254926, A357310, A383156, A384656 (unitary analog).

Programs

Mathematica

e[n_] := If[n == 1, 0, Max[FactorInteger[n][[;;, 2]]]]; a[n_] := Sum[e[GCD[n, k]], {k, 1, n}]; Array[a, 100]
(* or *)
f[p_, e_, k_] := p^e - If[e < k, 0, p^(e - k)]; a[n_] := Module[{fct = FactorInteger[n], emax, s}, emax = Max[fct[[;; , 2]]]; s = emax * n; Do[s -= Times @@ (f[#1, #2, k] & @@@ fct), {k, 1, emax}]; s]; a[1] = 0; Array[a, 100]

PARI

e(n) = if(n == 1, 0, vecmax(factor(n)[,2]));
a(n) = sum(k = 1, n, e(gcd(n, k)));

PARI

a(n) = if(n == 1, 0, my(f = factor(n), p = f[,1], e = f[,2], emax = vecmax(e), s = emax*n); for(k = 1, emax, s -= prod(i = 1, #p, p[i]^e[i] - if(e[i] < k, 0, p[i]^(e[i]-k)))); s);

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..A051903(n)} (n - f(n, k)) = A051903(n) * n - Sum_{k=1..A051903(n)} f(n, k), where f(n, k) is multiplicative for a given k, with f(p^e, k) = p^e - p^(e-k) if e >= k and f(p^e, k) = p^e if e < k.

a(n) = 1 if and only if n is prime.

a(n) >= 2 if and only if n is composite.

a(n) >= A051953(n) with equality if and only if n is squarefree.

a(n) >= 2*n - A000010(n) - A063659(n) with equality if and only if n is cubefree that is not squarefree (i.e., n in A067259, or equivalently, A051903(n) = 2).

a(p^e) = (p^e-1)/(p-1) for a prime p and e >= 1.

a(n) < c*n and lim sun_{n->oo} a(n)/n = c, where c is Niven's constant (A033150).

Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^2 / 2, where c = Sum{k>=1} (1-1/zeta(2*k)) = 0.49056393035179738598... .