A003071 Sorting numbers: maximal number of comparisons for sorting n elements by list merging.

0, 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 14, 17, 25, 27, 30, 33, 38, 41, 45, 49, 65, 67, 70, 73, 78, 81, 85, 89, 98, 101, 105, 109, 115, 119, 124, 129, 161, 163, 166, 169, 174, 177, 181, 185, 194, 197, 201, 205, 211, 215, 220, 225, 242, 245, 249, 253, 259, 263, 268, 273, 283, 287, 292, 297, 304

Offset: 1

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn
• easy
• nice

Comments

The following sequences all appear to have the same parity: A003071, A029886, A061297, A092524, A093431, A102393, A104258, A122248, A128975. - Jeremy Gardiner, Dec 28 2008

a(A092246(n)) = A230720(n); a(A230709(n)) = A230721(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 28 2013

References

• D. E. Knuth, Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 3, Sections 5.2.4 and 5.3.1.
• N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Links

• Zak Seidov, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
• J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit, The ring of k-regular sequences, Theoretical Computer Sci., 98 (1992), 163-197.
• J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit, The ring of k-regular sequences, Theoretical Computer Sci., 98 (1992), 163-197.
• An Vinh Nguyen Dinh, Nhien Pham Hoang Bao, Terrillon Jean-Christophe, Hiroyuki Iida, Reaper Tournament System, 2018.
• An Vinh Nguyen Dinh, Nhien Pham Hoang Bao, Mohd Nor Akmal Khalid, Hiroyuki Iida, Simulating competitiveness and precision in a tournament structure: a reaper tournament system, Int'l J. of Information Technology (2020) Vol. 12, 1-18.
• Tanya Khovanova, There are no coincidences, arXiv preprint 1410.2193 [math.CO], 2014.
• Index entries for sequences related to sorting

Crossrefs

Cf. A001855, A133457.

Programs

Haskell

a003071 n = 1 - 2 ^ last es +
   sum (zipWith (*) (zipWith (+) es [0..]) (map (2 ^) es))
   where es = reverse $ a133457_row n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 28 2013

Mathematica

a[1] = 0; a[n_] := a[n] = a[n-1] + 2^IntegerExponent[n-1, 2] + DigitCount[n-1, 2, 1] - 1; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 61}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 10 2012, after Henry Bottomley *)

Formula

Let n = 2^e_1 + 2^e_2 + ... + 2^e_t, e_1 > e_2 > ... > e_t >= 0, t >= 1. Then a(n) = 1 - 2^e_t + Sum_{k=1..t} (e_k + k - 1)*2^e_k [Knuth, Problem 14, Section 5.2.4].

a(n) = a(n-1) + A061338(n) = a(n-1) + A006519(n) + A000120(n) - 1 = n + A000337(A000523(n)) + a(n - 2^A000523(n)). a(2^k) = k*2^k + 1 = A002064(k). - Henry Bottomley, Apr 27 2001

G.f.: x/(1-x)^3 + 1/(1-x)^2*Sum(k>=1, (-1+(1-x)*2^(k-1))*x^2^k/(1-x^2^k)). - Ralf Stephan, Apr 17 2003

Extensions

More terms from David W. Wilson