A010026 Triangle read by rows: number of permutations of 1..n by length of longest run.

2, 2, 4, 2, 12, 10, 2, 16, 70, 32, 2, 20, 134, 442, 122, 2, 24, 198, 1164, 3108, 544, 2, 28, 274, 2048, 10982, 24216, 2770, 2, 32, 362, 3204, 22468, 112354, 208586, 15872, 2, 36, 462, 4720, 39420, 264538, 1245676, 1972904, 101042

Offset: 2

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl
• nice

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  2,
  2,  4,
  2, 12,  10,
  2, 16,  70,   32,
  2, 20, 134,  442,   122,
  2, 24, 198, 1164,  3108,    544,
  2, 28, 274, 2048, 10982,  24216,   2770,
  2, 32, 362, 3204, 22468, 112354, 208586, 15872, ...
The row "2, 12, 10" for example means that there are two permutations of [1..4] in which the longest run up or down has length 4, 12 in which the longest run has length 3, and 10 in which the longest run has length 2.
The following table, computed by _Sean A. Irvine_, May 02 2012, gives an extended version of the triangle, oriented the right way round (cf. A211318), and corrects errors in David Kendall and Barton:
n l=0, l=1, l=2, l=3, etc.
----------------------------
1 [0, 1]
2 [0, 0, 2]
3 [0, 0, 4, 2]
4 [0, 0, 10, 12, 2]
5 [0, 0, 32, 70, 16, 2]
6 [0, 0, 122, 442, 134, 20, 2]
7 [0, 0, 544, 3108, 1164, 198, 24, 2]
8 [0, 0, 2770, 24216, 10982, 2048, 274, 28, 2]A049293
9 [0, 0, 15872, 208586, 112354, 22468, 3204, 362, 32, 2]
10 [0, 0, 101042, 1972904, 1245676, 264538, 39420, 4720, 462, 36, 2]
11 [0, 0, 707584, 20373338, 14909340, 3340962, 514296, 64020, 6644, 574, 40, 2]
12 [0, 0, 5405530, 228346522, 191916532, 45173518, 7137818, 913440, 98472, 9024, 698, 44, 2]
13 [0, 0, 44736512, 2763212980, 2646100822, 652209564, 105318770, 13760472, 1523808, 145080, 11908, 834, 48, 2]
14 [0, 0, 398721962, 35926266244, 38932850396, 10024669626, 1649355338, 219040274, 24744720, 2419872, 206388, 15344, 982, 52, 2]
15 [0, 0, 3807514624, 499676669254, 609137502242, 163546399460, 27356466626, 3681354658, 422335056, 42129360, 3690960, 285180, 19380, 1142, 56, 2]
		

References

• F. N. David, M. G. Kendall and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 262. (Probably contains errors for n >= 13.)

Links

• Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 2..70, flattened

Crossrefs

Cf. A211318. Diagonals give: A001250, A001251, A001252, A001253, A230129, A230130, A230131, A230132, A230133.

Programs

Mathematica

(* This program is unsuited for a large number of terms *) f[p_List] := Max[Length /@ Split[Differences[p], #1*#2 > 0 &]] + 1; row[n_] := Sort[Tally[f /@ Permutations[Range[n]]], First[#1] > First[#2] &][[All, 2]]; Table[rn = row[n]; Print["n = ", n, " ", rn]; rn, {n, 2, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 12 2014 *)
T[n_, length_] := Module[{g, b},
g[u_, o_, t_] := g[u, o, t] = If[u+o == 0, 1, Sum[g[o + j - 1, u - j, 2], {j, 1, u}] + If[tJean-François Alcover, Aug 18 2018, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Extensions

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, May 02 2012