A037234 -id:A037234 - cp's OEIS frontend

A027623 a(0) = 1; for n > 0, a(n) = number of rings with n elements.

1, 1, 2, 2, 11, 2, 4, 2, 52, 11, 4, 2, 22, 2, 4, 4, 390, 2, 22, 2, 22, 4, 4, 2, 104, 11, 4, 59, 22, 2, 8, 2

Offset: 0

Here a ring means (R,+,*): (R,+) is an abelian group, * is associative, a*(b+c) = a*b + a*c, (a+b)*c = a*c + b*c. Need not contain "1", * need not be commutative.
The sequence continues a(32) = ? (>18590), a(33) = 4, 4, 4, 121, 2, 4, 4, 104, 2, 8, 2, 22, 22, 4, 2, 780, 11, 22, 4, 22, 2, 118, 4, 104, 4, 4, 2, 44, 2, 4, 22 = a(63), a(64) = ? (> 829826). - Christof Noebauer (christof.noebauer(AT)algebra.uni-linz.ac.at), Sep 29 2000
The paper by Antipkin/Elizarov also gives the number a(p^3) of rings of order p^3. - Hans H. Storrer (storrer(AT)math.unizh.ch), Sep 16 2003
If n is a squared prime, there are 11 mutually nonisomorphic rings of order n [see Raghavendran, p. 228]. - R. J. Mathar, Apr 20 2008

			The 11 rings of order 4 (from _Christian G. Bower_):
  over C4: 1*1 = 0, 1 or 2;
  over C2 X C2 = <1> X <2>: (1*1,1*2,2*1,2*2) = 0000, 0001, 0002, 0012, 0102, 0112, 1002 or 1223.

V. G. Antipkin and V. P. Elizarov, Rings of order p^3, Sib. Math. J. vol 23 no 4 (1982) pp 457-464, MR0668331 (84d:16025).
R. Ballieu [ Math. Rev. 0022841; see also Math. Rev. 51#5655] showed a(8) = 52, a(p^3) = 3p + 50 if p is an odd prime.
Grigore Călugăreanu, Rings with very few nilpotents, An. Sţiinţ. Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi. Mat. (2018), p. 149.
C. R. Fletcher, Rings of small order, Math. Gaz. vol. 64 (1980) p. 13, 1980, see esp. p. 21.
Yang-Hui He and Minhyong Kim, Learning Algebraic Structures: Preliminary Investigations, arXiv:1905.02263 [cs.LG], 2019.
A. V. Lelechenko, Parity of the number of primes in a given interval and algorithms of the sublinear summation, arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.1639 [math.NT], 2013.
Desmond MacHale, Are There More Finite Rings than Finite Groups, Amer. Math. Monthly (2020) Vol. 127, Issue 10, 936-938.
C. Noebauer, The Numbers of Small Rings.
C. Noebauer, Thesis on the enumeration of near-rings.
Christof Noebauer, The Numbers of Small Rings (PostScript).
R. Raghavendran, Finite associative rings, Compositio Mathematica vol 21 no 2 (1969) pp. 195-229.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ring.
Index to sequences related to rings.

From Bernard Schott, Mar 28 2021: (Start)
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   |  Rings with    |  with 1   | without 1 |       with 1 or         |
   |  n elements    |           |           |       without 1         |
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   |  Commutative   |  A127707  |  A342375  |        A037289          |
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   | Noncommutative |  A127708  |  A342376  |        A209401          |
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   | Commutative or |  A037291  |  A342377  | this sequence: a(0) = 1 |
   | noncommutative |           |           |   A037234 with a(0) = 0 |
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
(End)

apply( A027623(n, e=0)=if( !e, vecprod([call(self(), f) | f <- factor(n)~]), e<3, [2^(n>0), 11][e], e==3, if(n>2, 3*sqrtnint(n, 3), 2)+50, n>2 || e>4, /*error*/("not yet implemented"), 390), [0..63]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 05 2021

More terms from Christian G. Bower, Jun 15 1998

a(16) from Christof Noebauer (christof.noebauer(AT)algebra.uni-linz.ac.at), Sep 29 2000

A341201 Number of unitary rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 7, 27, 7, 49, 7

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Feb 07 2021

R. Gilmer and J. Mott, Associative rings of order_P^3, Proc. Jpn. Acad., 49, No. 10, (1973), 725-799.
Christof Nöbauer, Numbers of rings on groups of prime power order
Christof Nöbauer, Home page

Cf. A341202, A037234, A037291, A127708, A127707, A037289, A037290, A038036, A307000, A339948.

A341202 Number of unitary commutative rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 6, 16, 6, 36, 6

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Feb 07 2021

R. Gilmer and J. Mott, Associative rings of order P^3, Proc. Jpn. Acad., 49, No. 10, (1973), 725-799.
Christof Nöbauer, Numbers of rings on groups of prime power order
Christof Nöbauer, Home page

Cf. A341201, A037234, A037291, A127708, A127707, A037289, A037290, A038036, A307000, A339948.

A342376 Number of non-commutative rings without 1 containing n elements.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 17, 2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 215, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 35, 2, 0, 23, 4, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, Mar 10 2021

A ring without 1 is still a ring, although sometimes called a rng, or a non-unital ring, or a pseudo-ring (see Wikipedia links).
These are rings in which multiplication has no unit, and where there is at least one pair of non-commuting elements.
a(n)=0 if and only if n is squarefree.

			For n=4, there are 11 rings of order 4, 2 of which are without 1 and non-commutative, so a(4)= 2. Note that for these 2 rings, the abelian group under addition is the commutative Klein group Z/2Z + Z/2Z. These two rings are the last two rings described in the link _Greg Dresden_ in reference: Ring 22.NC.1 and Ring 22.NC.2.

Gregory Dresden, Rings of Size Four.
Wikipedia, Pseudo-ring.
Wikipedia, Rng.
Index to sequences related to rings.

Number of non-commutative rings: A127708 (with 1 containing n elements), this sequence (without 1 containing n elements), A209401 (with n elements).
Cf. A127707, A342375, A037289, A037291, A342377, A027623, A037234.
Cf. A005117, A013929.

a(n) = A209401(n) - A127708(n) = A342377(n) - A342375(n).

a(A005117(n)) = 0; a(A013929(n)) > 0.

a(28) corrected by Des MacHale, Mar 20 2021

A070932 Possible number of units in a finite (commutative or non-commutative) ring.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 70, 72, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 88, 90, 92, 93, 96, 98, 100

Offset: 1

Sharon Sela (sharonsela(AT)hotmail.com), May 24 2002

This is a list of the numbers of units in R where R ranges over all finite commutative or non-commutative rings.
By considering the ring Z_n and the finite fields GF(q) this sequence contains the values of the Euler function phi(n) (A000010) and prime powers - 1 (A181062). By taking direct product of rings, if n and m belong to the sequence then so does m*n.
Eric M. Rains has shown that these rules generate all terms of this sequence. More precisely, he shows this sequence (with 0 removed) is the multiplicative monoid generated by all numbers of the form q^n-q^{n-1} for n >= 1 and q a prime power (see Rains link).
Since the number of units of F_q[X]/(X^n) is q^n - q^(n-1), restricting to finite commutative rings gives the same sequence. A296241, which is a proper supersequence, allows the ring R to be infinite. - Jianing Song, Dec 24 2021

Charles R Greathouse IV, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
E. M. Rains, Comments on A070932

Cf. A000010, A002202, A000252, A000961, A181062, A221178.
A000252 is a subsequence.
A282572 is the subsequence of odd terms.
Proper subsequence of A296241.
The main entries concerned with the enumeration of rings are A027623, A037234, A037291, A037289, A038538, A186116.

max = 100; A000010 = EulerPhi[ Range[2*max]] // Union // Select[#, # <= max &] &; A181062 = Select[ Range[max], Length[ FactorInteger[#]] == 1 &] - 1; FixedPoint[ Select[ Outer[ Times, #, # ] // Flatten // Union, # <= max &] &, Union[A000010, A181062] ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 10 2013 *)

list(lim)=my(P=1, q, v, u=List()); forprime(p=2, default(primelimit), if(eulerphi(P*=p)>=lim, q=p; break)); v=vecsort(vector(P/q*lim\eulerphi(P/q), k, eulerphi(k)), , 8); v=select(n->n<=lim, v); forprime(p=2, sqrtint(lim\1+1), P=p; while((P*=p) <= lim+1, listput(u, P-1))); v=vecsort(concat(v, Vec(u)), , 8); u=List([0]); while(#u, v=vecsort(concat(v, Vec(u)),,8); u=List(); for(i=3,#v, for(j=i,#v,P=v[i]*v[j]; if(P>lim,break); if(!vecsearch(v, P), listput(u, P))))); v \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 08 2013

Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 06 2013, Jan 08 2013

Definition clarified by Jianing Song, Dec 24 2021

A341547 Number of rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 8, 66, 8, 64, 8, 301, 175, 64, 8, 528, 8, 64, 64

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Feb 14 2021

B. Fine, Classification of Finite Rings of Order p^2, Mathematics Magazine, 66(4) (1993), 248-252.
C. R. Fletcher, Rings of Small Order, The Mathematical Gazette, 64(427) (1980), 9-22.
Christof Nöbauer, Numbers of rings on groups of prime power order
Christof Nöbauer, Home page

Cf. A341548, A341201, A341202, A037234, A037291, A127708, A127707, A037289, A037290, A038036, A307000, A339948, A000005.

Clear[phi]; phi[1] = 1; phi[p_,1] := 8; phi[2,2] = 66;
phi[2,3] = 301; phi[3,2] = 175; phi[n_]:= Module[{aux = FactorInteger[n]}, Product[phi[aux[[i, 1]], aux[[i, 2]]], {i, Length[aux]}]];

A341548 Number of commutative rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 6, 28, 6, 36, 6, 79, 35, 36, 6, 168, 6, 36, 36

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Feb 14 2021

It appears that a(16)=230, but it is preferable to wait for someone to confirm it.

B. Fine, Classification of Finite Rings of Order p^2, Mathematics Magazine, 66(4) (1993), 248-252.
C. R. Fletcher, Rings of Small Order, The Mathematical Gazette, 64(427) (1980), 9-22.
Christof Nöbauer, Numbers of rings on groups of prime power order
Christof Nöbauer, Home page

Cf. A341547, A341201, A341202, A037234, A037291, A127708, A127707, A037289, A037290, A038036, A307000, A339948, A000005.

Clear[phi]; phi[p_, 1] := 6;  phi[2,2] = 28; phi[2,3] = 79;  phi[3,2] = 35; phi[n_]:= Module[{aux = FactorInteger[n]}, Product[phi[aux[[i, 1]], aux[[i, 2]]], {i, Length[aux]}]];

A342375 Number of commutative rings without 1 containing n elements.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1, 24, 5, 3, 1, 14, 1, 3, 3, 125, 1, 14, 1, 14, 3, 3, 1, 58, 5, 3, 25, 14, 1, 7, 1

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, Mar 09 2021

A ring without 1 is still a ring, but sometimes it is called a rng, or a non-unital ring, or a pseudo-ring (see Wikipedia links).

			a(1) = 0 because the only ring with 1 element is the zero ring with the element 0, and for this ring, 0 and 1 coincide.
a(2) = 1, and for this corresponding ring with elements {0,a}, the multiplication that is defined by: 0*0 = 0*a = a*0 = a*a = 0 is commutative, also this ring is without unit, hence a(2) = 1; the Matrix ring {0,a} with coefficients from Z/2Z:
          (0 0)           (0 0)
      0 = (0 0)       a = (1 0)  is such an example.
For n=8, there are 52 rings of order 8, 24 of which are commutative rings without 1, so a(8) = 24.

Number of commutative rings: A127707 (with 1 containing n elements), this sequence (without 1 containing n elements), A037289 (with n elements).

Cf. A127708, A342376, A209401, A037291, A342377, A027623, A037234.

a(n) = A037289(n) - A127707(n).

A342377 Number of rings without 1 containing n elements.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 7, 1, 3, 1, 41, 7, 3, 1, 18, 1, 3, 3, 340, 1, 18, 1, 18, 3, 3, 1, 93, 7, 3, 47, 18, 1, 7, 1

Offset: 1

Bernard Schott, Mar 12 2021

A ring without 1 is still a ring, although sometimes called a rng, or a non-unital ring, or a pseudo-ring (see Wikipedia links).

			a(1) = 0 because the only ring with 1 element is the zero ring (see link) with the element 0, and for this ring, 0 and 1 coincide.
a(3) = 1 because the Matrix ring with 3 elements with coefficients from Z/3Z:
         (0 0)       (0 0)        (0 0)
     0 = (0 0),  a = (1 0),   b = (2 0)
  is without 1 (note this ring is commutative) and there is no other such ring with 3 elements and without 1, hence a(3) = 1.

Wikipedia, Pseudo-ring.
Wikipedia, Rng.
Wikipedia, Zero ring.
Index to sequences related to rings.

Number of rings: A037291 (with 1 containing n elements), this sequence (without 1 containing n elements), A027623 or A037234 (with n elements).

Cf. A127707, A342375, A037289, A127708, A342376, A209401.

a(n) = A037234(n) - A037291(n) = A342375(n) + A342376(n).

a(p) = 1 if p prime.

A342305 Number of nonisomorphic rings Z/nZ/(x^2 - A, y^2 - B, yx - a - bx - cy - dx*y) of order n^4.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 13, 97, 14, 39, 15, 624, 67, 42, 17, 1261, 18, 45, 182

Offset: 1

José María Grau Ribas, Mar 08 2021

			For n=2:
  Z/2Z<x,y>/(x^2, y^2, y*x),
  Z/2Z<x,y>/(x^2, y^2, y*x + x*y),
  Z/2Z<x,y>/(x^2, y^2, y*x + 1 + x*y),
so a(2)=3.
For n=3, a complete family of non-isomorphic cases {A,B,a,b,c,d} are:
  {0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,1}, {0,0,0,0,0,2}, {0,0,1,0,0,2},
  {0,1,0,0,0,1}, {0,1,0,0,0,2}, {0,1,0,1,0,0}, {0,2,0,0,0,1}, {0,2,0,0,0,2},
  {1,0,0,0,1,0}, {1,1,0,0,0,1}, {1,1,1,1,2,0}, {1,2,0,0,0,1},
so a(3)=13.

José María Grau Ribas, A complete family of non-isomorphic rings of the type Zn(A,B,a,b,c,d)
José María Grau Ribas, Mathematica code
José María Grau Ribas, Antonio M. Oller-Marcén, and Steve Szabo, Minimal rings related to generalized quaternion rings, Int'l Electronic J. Algebra (2023).

Cf. A341548, A341547, A341201, A341202, A037234, A037291, A127708, A127707, A037289, A037290, A038036, A307000, A339948, A000005.

a[1]=1; a[p_,1]:= (12 + (p - 1)/2); a[2, 1]=3; a[2,2]= 97; a[2,3]=624; a[3, 2]=67; a[n_]:=Module[{aux=FactorInteger[n]},Product[a[aux[[i,1]], aux[[i,2]]], {i, Length[aux]}]]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 15}]

cp's OEIS Frontend

A027623 a(0) = 1; for n > 0, a(n) = number of rings with n elements.

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A341201 Number of unitary rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^3.

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A341202 Number of unitary commutative rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^3.

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A342376 Number of non-commutative rings without 1 containing n elements.

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A070932 Possible number of units in a finite (commutative or non-commutative) ring.

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A341547 Number of rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^2.

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A341548 Number of commutative rings with additive group (Z/nZ)^2.

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Mathematica

A342375 Number of commutative rings without 1 containing n elements.

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A342377 Number of rings without 1 containing n elements.

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A342305 Number of nonisomorphic rings Z/nZ/(x^2 - A, y^2 - B, yx - a - bx - cy - dx*y) of order n^4.