A060096 Numerator of coefficients of Euler polynomials (rising powers).

1, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, 0, -3, 1, 0, 1, 0, -2, 1, -1, 0, 5, 0, -5, 1, 0, -3, 0, 5, 0, -3, 1, 17, 0, -21, 0, 35, 0, -7, 1, 0, 17, 0, -28, 0, 14, 0, -4, 1, -31, 0, 153, 0, -63, 0, 21, 0, -9, 1, 0, -155, 0, 255, 0, -126, 0, 30, 0, -5, 1, 691, 0, -1705, 0, 2805, 0, -231, 0, 165, 0, -11, 1, 0, 2073, 0, -3410, 0, 1683, 0, -396

Offset: 0

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 29 2001

Keywords

• sign
• easy
• tabl
• frac

Comments

From S. Roman, The Umbral Calculus (see the reference in A048854), p. 101, (4.2.10) (corrected): E(n,x)= sum(sum(binomial(n,m)*((-1/2)^j)*j!*S2(n-m,j),j=0..k)*x^m,m=0..n), with S2(n,m)=A008277(n,m) and S2(n,0)=1 if n=0 else 0 (Stirling2).

From Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 31 2011: (Start)

This is the Sheffer triangle (2/(exp(x)+1),x) (which would be called in the above mentioned S. Roman reference Appell for (exp(t)+1)/2) (see p. 27).

The e.g.f. for the row sums is 2/(1+exp(-x)). The row sums look like A198631(n)/A006519(n+1), n>=0.

The e.g.f. for the alternating row sums is 2/(exp(x)*(exp(x)+1)). These sums look like (-1)^n*A143074(n)/ A006519(n+1).

The e.g.f. for the a-sequence of this Sheffer array is 1. The z-sequence has e.g.f. (1-exp(x))/(2*x). This z-sequence is -1/(2*A000027(n))=-1/(2*(n+1)) (see the link under A006232 for the definition of a- and z-sequences). This leads to the recurrences given below.

The alternating power sums for the first n positive integers are given by sum((-1)^(n-j)*j^k,j=1..n) = (E(k, x=n+1)+(-1)^n*E(k, x=0))/2, k>=1, n>=1,with the row polynomials E(n, x)(see the Abramowitz-Stegun reference, p. 804, 23.1.4, and an addendum in the W. Lang link under A196837).

(End)

Examples

			n\m  0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7  8  ...
0:   1
1:  -1    1
2:   0   -1    1
3:   1    0   -3    1
4:   0    1    0   -2    1
5:  -1    0    5    0   -5    1
6:   0   -3    0    5    0   -3    1
7:  17    0  -21    0   35    0   -7    1
8:   0   17    0  -28    0   14    0   -4  1
...
The rational triangle a(n,m)/A060097(n,m) starts
n\m  0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7  8  ...
0:   1
1: -1/2   1
2:   0   -1    1
3:  1/4   0  -3/2   1
4:   0    1    0   -2    1
5: -1/2   0   5/2   0  -5/2   1
6:   0   -3    0    5    0   -3    1
7: 17/8   0 -21/2   0  35/4   0  -7/2   1
8:   0   17    0  -28    0   14    0   -4  1
...
		

References

• M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 809.
• Jerome Spanier and Keith B. Oldham, "Atlas of Functions", Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1987, chapter 20, equations 20:4:1 - 20:4:8 at pages 177-178.

Links

• M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].

Crossrefs

Cf. A060097.

Programs

Maple

A060096 := proc(n,m) coeff(euler(n,x),x,m) ; numer(%) ;end proc:
seq(seq(A060096(n,m),m=0..n),n=0..12) ; # R. J. Mathar, Dec 21 2010

Mathematica

Numerator[Flatten[Table[CoefficientList[EulerE[n, x], x], {n, 0, 12}]]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 29 2011 *)

Formula

E(n, x)= sum((a(n, m)/b(n, m))*x^m, m=0..n), denominators b(n, m)= A060097(n, m).

From Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 31 2011: (Start)

E.g.f. for E(n, x) is 2*exp(x*z)/(exp(z)+1).

E.g.f. of column no. m, m>=0, is 2*x^{m+1}/(m!*(exp(x)+1)).

Recurrences for E(n,m):=a(n,m)/A060097(n,m) from the Sheffer a-and z-sequence:

E(n,m)=(n/m)*E(n-1,m-1), n>=1,m>=1.

E(n,0)=-n*sum(E(n-1,j)/(2*(j+1)),j=0..n-1), n>=1, E(0,0)=1.

(see the Sheffer comments above).

(End)

E(n,m) = binomial(n,m)*sum(((-1)^j)*j!*S2(n-m,j)/2^j ,j=0..n-m), 0<=m<=n, with S2 given by A008277. From S. Roman, The umbral calculus, reference under A048854, eq. (4.2.10), p. 101, with a=1, and a misprint corrected: replace 1/k! by binomial(n,k) (also in the two preceding formulas). - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 03 2011

The first (m=0) column of the rational triangle is conjectured to be E(n,0) = ((-1)^n)*A198631(n) / A006519(n+1). See also the first column shown in A209308 (different signs). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 15 2015

Extensions

Table rewritten by Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 31 2011