A069774 -id:A069774 - cp's OEIS frontend

A057163 Signature-permutation of a Catalan automorphism: Reflect a rooted plane binary tree; Deutsch's 1998 involution on Dyck paths.

0, 1, 3, 2, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 22, 21, 20, 18, 17, 19, 16, 15, 13, 12, 14, 11, 10, 9, 64, 63, 62, 59, 58, 61, 57, 55, 50, 49, 54, 48, 46, 45, 60, 56, 53, 47, 44, 52, 43, 41, 36, 35, 40, 34, 32, 31, 51, 42, 39, 33, 30, 38, 29, 27, 26, 37, 28, 25, 24, 23, 196, 195, 194, 190, 189

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Aug 18 2000

nonn

Deutsch shows in his 1999 paper that this automorphism maps the number of doublerises of Dyck paths to number of valleys and height of the first peak to the number of returns, i.e., that A126306(n) = A127284(a(n)) and A126307(n) = A057515(a(n)) hold for all n.
The A000108(n-2) n-gon triangularizations can be reflected over n axes of symmetry, which all can be generated by appropriate compositions of the permutations A057161/A057162 and A057163.
Composition with A057164 gives signature permutation for Donaghey's Map M (A057505/A057506). Embeds into itself in scale n:2n+1 as a(n) = A083928(a(A080298(n))). A127302(a(n)) = A127302(n) and A057123(A057163(n)) = A057164(A057123(n)) hold for all n.

			This involution (self-inverse permutation) of natural numbers is induced when we reflect the rooted plane binary trees encoded by A014486. E.g., we have A014486(5) = 44 (101100 in binary), A014486(7) = 52 (110100 in binary) and these encode the following rooted plane binary trees, which are reflections of each other:
    0   0             0   0
     \ /               \ /
      1   0         0   1
       \ /           \ /
    0   1             1   0
     \ /               \ /
      1                 1
thus a(5)=7 and a(7)=5.

JungHwan Min, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Emeric Deutsch, An involution on Dyck paths and its consequences, Discrete Math., 204 (1999), no. 1-3, 163-166.
Indranil Ghosh, Python program for computing this sequence, translated from Maple code.
Antti Karttunen, C program which computes this sequence.
Dana G. Korssjoen, Biyao Li, Stefan Steinerberger, Raghavendra Tripathi, and Ruimin Zhang, Finding structure in sequences of real numbers via graph theory: a problem list, arXiv:2012.04625, Dec 08, 2020.
Index entries for signature-permutations induced by Catalan automorphisms

This automorphism conjugates between the car/cdr-flipped variants of other automorphisms, e.g., A057162(n) = a(A057161(a(n))), A069768(n) = a(A069767(a(n))), A069769(n) = a(A057508(a(n))), A069773(n) = a(A057501(a(n))), A069774(n) = a(A057502(a(n))), A069775(n) = a(A057509(a(n))), A069776(n) = a(A057510(a(n))), A069787(n) = a(A057164(a(n))).

Row 1 of tables A122201 and A122202, that is, obtained with FORK (and KROF) transformation from even simpler automorphism *A069770. Cf. A122351.

a(n) = A080300(ReflectBinTree(A014486(n)))
ReflectBinTree := n -> ReflectBinTree2(n)/2; ReflectBinTree2 := n -> (`if`((0 = n),n,ReflectBinTreeAux(A030101(n))));
ReflectBinTreeAux := proc(n) local a,b; a := ReflectBinTree2(BinTreeLeftBranch(n)); b := ReflectBinTree2(BinTreeRightBranch(n)); RETURN((2^(A070939(b)+A070939(a))) + (b * (2^(A070939(a)))) + a); end;
NextSubBinTree := proc(nn) local n,z,c; n := nn; c := 0; z := 0; while(c < 1) do z := 2*z + (n mod 2); c := c + (-1)^n; n := floor(n/2); od; RETURN(z); end;
BinTreeLeftBranch := n -> NextSubBinTree(floor(n/2));
BinTreeRightBranch := n -> NextSubBinTree(floor(n/(2^(1+A070939(BinTreeLeftBranch(n))))));

A014486Q[0] = True; A014486Q[n_] := Catch[Fold[If[# < 0, Throw[False], If[#2 == 0, # - 1, # + 1]] &, 0, IntegerDigits[n, 2]] == 0]; tree[n_] := Block[{func, num = Append[IntegerDigits[n, 2], 0]}, func := If[num[[1]] == 0, num = Drop[num, 1]; 0, num = Drop[num, 1]; 1[func, func]]; func]; A057163L[n_] := Function[x, FirstPosition[x, FromDigits[Most@Cases[tree[#] /. 1 -> Reverse@*1, 0 | 1, All, Heads -> True], 2]][[1]] - 1 & /@ x][Select[Range[0, 2^n], A014486Q]]; A057163L[11] (* JungHwan Min, Dec 11 2016 *)

a(n) = A083927(A057164(A057123(n))).

Equivalence with Deutsch's 1998 involution realized Dec 15 2006 and entry edited accordingly by Antti Karttunen, Jan 16 2007

A074680 Signature permutation of the seventeenth nonrecursive Catalan automorphism in table A089840. (Rotate binary tree right if possible, otherwise swap its sides.)

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 2, 7, 8, 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 51, 52, 53, 56, 60, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Sep 11 2002

nonn

This automorphism effects the following transformation on the unlabeled rooted plane binary trees (letters A, B, C refer to arbitrary subtrees located on those nodes and () stands for an implied terminal node.)
A...B..............B...C
.\./................\./
..x...C..-->.....A...x................()..B.......B..()
...\./............\./..................\./...-->...\./.
....x..............x....................x...........x..
((a . b) . c) -> (a . (b . c)) __ (() . b) --> (b . ())
That is, we rotate the binary tree right, in case it is possible and otherwise (if the left hand side of a tree is a terminal node) swap the right and left subtree (so that the terminal node ends to the right hand side), i.e. apply the automorphism *A069770. Look at the example in A069770 to see how this will produce the given sequence of integers.
See also the comments at A074679.

A. Karttunen, paper in preparation, draft available by e-mail.

This automorphism has several variants, where the first clause is same (rotate binary tree to the right, if possible), but something else is done (than just swapping sides), in case the left hand side is empty: A082336, A082350, A123500, A123696. The following automorphisms can be derived recursively from this one: A057501, A074682, A074684, A074686, A074688, A074689, A089866, A120705, A122322, A122331. See also somewhat similar ones: A069774, A071659, A071655, A071657, A072090, A072094, A072092.
Inverse: A074679. Row 17 of A089840. Occurs also in A073200 as row 2156396687 as a(n) = A072796(A073280(A073282(n))). a(n) = A083927(A123497(A057123(n))).
Number of cycles: LEFT(A001683). Number of fixed points: LEFT(A019590). Max. cycle size & LCM of all cycle sizes: A089410 (in range [A014137(n-1)..A014138(n-1)] of this permutation).

Description clarified Oct 10 2006

A057502 Permutation of natural numbers: rotations of non-crossing handshakes encoded by A014486 (to opposite direction of A057501).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 2, 7, 6, 8, 4, 5, 17, 16, 18, 14, 15, 20, 19, 21, 9, 10, 22, 11, 12, 13, 45, 44, 46, 42, 43, 48, 47, 49, 37, 38, 50, 39, 40, 41, 54, 53, 55, 51, 52, 57, 56, 58, 23, 24, 59, 25, 26, 27, 61, 60, 62, 28, 29, 63, 30, 31, 32, 64, 33, 34, 35, 36, 129, 128, 130, 126, 127

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Sep 03 2000

nonn

In A057501 and A057502, the cycles between (A014138(n-1)+1)-th and (A014138(n))-th term partition A000108(n) objects encoded by the corresponding terms of A014486 into A002995(n+1) equivalence classes of planar trees, thus the latter sequence can be produced also with Maple procedure RotHandshakesPermutationCycleCounts given below.

Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers
A. Karttunen, Gatomorphisms (Includes the complete Scheme program for computing this sequence)

Inverse of A057501 and the car/cdr-flipped conjugate of A069774, i.e. A057502(n) = A057163(A069774(A057163(n))). Cf. also A057507, A057510, A057513, A069771, A069772.

map(CatalanRankGlobal,map(RotateHandshakesR, A014486));
RotateHandshakesR := n -> pars2binexp(deepreverse(RotateHandshakesP(deepreverse(binexp2pars(n)))));
deepreverse := proc(a) if 0 = nops(a) or list <> whattype(a) then (a) else [op(deepreverse(cdr(a))), deepreverse(a[1])]; fi; end;
with(group); CountCycles := b -> (nops(convert(b,'disjcyc')) + (nops(b)-convert(map(nops,convert(b,'disjcyc')),`+`)));
RotHandshakesPermutationCycleCounts := proc(upto_n) local u,n,a,r,b; a := []; for n from 0 to upto_n do b := []; u := (binomial(2*n,n)/(n+1)); for r from 0 to u-1 do b := [op(b),1+CatalanRank(n,RotateHandshakes(CatalanUnrank(n,r)))]; od; a := [op(a),CountCycles(b)]; od; RETURN(a); end;
# For other procedures, follow A057501.

A057161 Signature-permutation of a Catalan Automorphism: rotate one step counterclockwise the triangulations of polygons encoded by A014486.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 2, 7, 8, 5, 6, 4, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 10, 11, 14, 9, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 47, 52, 53, 56, 60, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33, 38, 39, 42, 51, 24, 25, 28, 37, 23, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Aug 18 2000; entry revised Jun 06 2014

nonn

This is a permutation of natural numbers induced when Euler's triangulation of convex polygons, encoded by the sequence A014486 in a straightforward way (via binary trees, cf. the illustration of the rotation of a triangulated pentagon, given in the Links section) are rotated counterclockwise.
The number of cycles in range [A014137(n-1)..A014138(n)] of this permutation is given by A001683(n+2), otherwise the same sequence as for Catalan bijections *A074679/*A074680, but shifted once left (for an explanation, see the related notes in OEIS Wiki).
E.g., in range [A014137(0)..A014138(1)] = [1,1] there is one cycle (as a(1)=1), in range [A014137(1)..A014138(2)] = [2,3] there is one cycle (as a(2)=3 and a(3)=2), in range [A014137(2)..A014138(3)] = [4,8] there is also one cycle (as a(4) = 7, a(7) = 6, a(6) = 5, a(5) = 8 and a(8) = 4), and in range [A014137(3)..A014138(4)] = [9,22] there are A001683(4+2) = 4 cycles.
From the recursive forms of A057161 and A057503 it is seen that both can be viewed as a convergent limits of a process where either the left or right side argument of A085201 in formula for A057501 is "iteratively recursivized", and on the other hand, both of these can then in turn be made to converge towards A057505 by the same method, when the other side of the formula is also "recursivized".

A. Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2055
A. Karttunen, Introductory Survey of Catalan Automorphisms and Bijections (an unfinished draft), pp. 51-54.
A. Karttunen, Notes on the orbits of the related permutations A074679/A074680, OEIS Wiki.
A. Karttunen, Illustration of how the five triangulations of a pentagon will rotate, and the corresponding changes it induces in the binary trees
Index entries for signature-permutations of Catalan automorphisms

Inverse: A057162.
Also, a "SPINE"-transform of A069774, and thus occurs as row 12 of A130403.
Other related permutations: A057163, A057164, A057501, A057504, A057505.
Cf. A001683 (cycle counts), A057544 (max cycle lengths).

a(n) = CatalanRankGlobal(RotateTriangularization(A014486[n]))
CatalanRankGlobal given in A057117 and the other Maple procedures in A038776.
NextSubBinTree := proc(nn) local n,z,c; n := nn; c := 0; z := 0; while(c < 1) do z := 2*z + (n mod 2); c := c + (-1)^n; n := floor(n/2); od; RETURN(z); end;
BinTreeLeftBranch := n -> NextSubBinTree(floor(n/2));
BinTreeRightBranch := n -> NextSubBinTree(floor(n/(2^(1+binwidth(BinTreeLeftBranch(n))))));
RotateTriangularization := proc(nn) local n,s,z,w; n := binrev(nn); z := 0; w := 0; while(1 = (n mod 2)) do s := BinTreeRightBranch(n); z := z + (2^w)*s; w := w + binwidth(s); z := z + (2^w); w := w + 1; n := floor(n/2); od; RETURN(z); end;

a(0) = 0, and for n>=1, a(n) = A085201(a(A072771(n)), A057548(A072772(n))). [This formula reflects the S-expression implementation given first in the Program section: A085201 is a 2-ary function corresponding to 'append', A072771 and A072772 correspond to 'car' and 'cdr' (known also as first/rest or head/tail in some languages), and A057548 corresponds to unary form of function 'list'.]
As a composition of related permutations:
a(n) = A069767(A069769(n)).
a(n) = A057163(A057162(A057163(n))).
a(n) = A057164(A057504(A057164(n))). [For a proof, see pp. 53-54 in the "Introductory survey ..." draft]

A069773 Permutation of natural numbers induced by the automorphism RoblDownCar_et_Swap! acting on the parenthesizations encoded by A014486.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 2, 6, 8, 7, 4, 5, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22, 16, 21, 17, 9, 10, 18, 11, 12, 13, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 64, 42, 43, 56, 57, 63, 44, 58, 45, 23, 24, 46, 25, 26, 27, 47, 59, 48, 28, 29, 49, 30, 31, 32, 50, 33, 34, 35, 36, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Apr 16 2002

nonn

A. Karttunen, Gatomorphisms (Includes the complete Scheme program for computing this sequence)
Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers

Inverse of A069774, the car/cdr-flipped conjugate of A057501, i.e. A069773(n) = A057163(A057501(A057163(n))). Cf. also A069775.

A069776 Permutation of natural numbers induced by the automorphism gma069776! acting on the parenthesizations encoded by A014486.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 16, 14, 15, 20, 21, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 44, 47, 42, 37, 38, 43, 39, 40, 41, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 53, 56, 51, 52, 61, 62, 63, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Apr 16 2002

nonn

A. Karttunen, Gatomorphisms (Includes the complete Scheme program for computing this sequence)
Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers

Inverse of A069775. a(n) = A057163(A057510(A057163(n))) = A069770(A069774(n)). Cf. also A069787, A072797.

Number of cycles: A003239. Number of fixed points: A034731. Max. cycle size: A028310. LCM of cycle sizes: A003418. (In range [A014137(n-1)..A014138(n-1)] of this permutation, possibly shifted one term left or right).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A057163 Signature-permutation of a Catalan automorphism: Reflect a rooted plane binary tree; Deutsch's 1998 involution on Dyck paths.

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A074680 Signature permutation of the seventeenth nonrecursive Catalan automorphism in table A089840. (Rotate binary tree right if possible, otherwise swap its sides.)

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A057502 Permutation of natural numbers: rotations of non-crossing handshakes encoded by A014486 (to opposite direction of A057501).

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A057161 Signature-permutation of a Catalan Automorphism: rotate one step counterclockwise the triangulations of polygons encoded by A014486.

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A069773 Permutation of natural numbers induced by the automorphism RoblDownCar_et_Swap! acting on the parenthesizations encoded by A014486.

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A069776 Permutation of natural numbers induced by the automorphism gma069776! acting on the parenthesizations encoded by A014486.

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