A121400 Triangle, read by rows, where T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k+1) for n>=k>=1, with T(0,0) = 1, T(n,n) = T(n,0) + T(n-1,n-1) for n>=1; T(n,k)=0 when n

1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 11, 8, 11, 17, 25, 30, 19, 28, 42, 72, 74, 77, 47, 70, 114, 188, 223, 198, 194, 117, 184, 302, 525, 609, 615, 509, 495, 301, 486, 827, 1436, 1749, 1733, 1619, 1305, 1282, 787, 1313, 2263, 4012, 4918, 5101, 4657, 4206, 3374, 3382, 2100, 3576

Offset: 0

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Jul 27 2006

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl

Comments

Main diagonal (A121398) forms the partial sums of column 0 (A121399). The g.f. of the row sums is H(x)*(1-x)/(1-3x), where H(x) is the g.f. of column 0. This is the cascadence for function F(x) = 1 + x + x^2 when forced to form a triangle in which row n has n+1 terms for n>=0.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1;
1, 2;
3, 3, 5;
6, 11, 8, 11;
17, 25, 30, 19, 28;
42, 72, 74, 77, 47, 70;
114, 188, 223, 198, 194, 117, 184;
302, 525, 609, 615, 509, 495, 301, 486;
827, 1436, 1749, 1733, 1619, 1305, 1282, 787, 1313;
2263, 4012, 4918, 5101, 4657, 4206, 3374, 3382, 2100, 3576;
6275, 11193, 14031, 14676, 13964, 12237, 10962, 8856, 9058, 5676, 9851;
The convolution of each row with [1,1,1] yields:
[1,1,1]*[1] = [1,1,1];
[1,1,1]*[1,2] = [1,3,3,2];
[1,1,1]*[3,3,5] = [3,6,11,8,5];
[1,1,1]*[6,11,8,11] = [6,17,25,30,19,11]; ...
Concatenate these convoluted rows after adding last and first terms:
1,1,1 + 1,3,3,2 + 3,6,11,8,5 + 6,17,25,30,19,11 + 17, ...
to obtain the concatenated rows of this original triangle:
1, 1,2, 3,3,5, 6,11,8,11, 17,25,30,19,28, ...
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A121398 (main diagonal), A121399 (column 0), A001006 (Motzkin).

Programs

PARI

{T(n,k)=if(n
				

Formula

G.f.: A(x,y) = ( x*H(x) - y*H(x*y) )/( x*(1+y+y^2) - y ), where H(x) satisfies: H(x) = G*H(x*G)/x = g.f. of column 0 (A121399) and G/x is the g.f. of the Motzkin numbers (A001006): G = x*(1 + G + G^2).