cp's OEIS Frontend

Row n is the signature permutation of the Catalan automorphism which is obtained from the n-th nonrecursive automorphism in the table A089840 with the recursion scheme "ENIPS". In this recursion scheme the algorithm first recurses down to the right-hand side branch of the binary tree, before the given automorphism is applied at its root. This corresponds to the fold-right operation applied to the Catalan structure, interpreted e.g. as a parenthesization or a Lisp-like list, where (lambda (x y) (f (cons x y))) is the binary function given to fold, with 'f' being the given automorphism. The associated Scheme-procedures ENIPS and !ENIPS can be used to obtain such a transformed automorphism from any constructively or destructively implemented automorphism. Each row occurs only once in this table. Inverses of these permutations can be found in table A122203.

Because of the "universal property of folds", the recursion scheme ENIPS has a well-defined inverse, that is, it acts as a bijective mapping on the set of all Catalan automorphisms. Specifically, if g = ENIPS(f), then (f s) = (g (cons (car s) (g^{-1} (cdr s)))), that is, to obtain an automorphism f which gives g when subjected to recursion scheme ENIPS, we compose g with its own inverse applied to the cdr-branch of a S-expression (i.e. the right subtree in the context of binary trees). This implies that for any non-recursive automorphism f in the table A089840, ENIPS^{-1}(f) is also in A089840, which in turn implies that the rows of table A089840 form a (proper) subset of the rows of this table.

Row n is the signature permutation of the Catalan automorphism which is obtained from the n-th nonrecursive automorphism in the table A089840 with the recursion scheme "SPINE". In this recursion scheme the given automorphism is first applied at the root of binary tree, before the algorithm recurses down to the new right-hand side branch. The associated Scheme-procedures SPINE and !SPINE can be used to obtain such a transformed automorphism from any constructively or destructively implemented automorphism. Each row occurs only once in this table. Inverses of these permutations can be found in table A122204.

The recursion scheme SPINE has a well-defined inverse, that is, it acts as a bijective mapping on the set of all Catalan automorphisms. Specifically, if g = SPINE(f), then (f s) = (cond ((pair? s) (let ((t (g s))) (cons (car t) (g^{-1} (cdr t))))) (else s)) that is, to obtain an automorphism f which gives g when subjected to recursion scheme SPINE, we compose g with its own inverse applied to the cdr-branch of a S-expression. This implies that for any non-recursive automorphism f in the table A089840, SPINE^{-1}(f) is also in A089840, which in turn implies that the rows of table A089840 form a (proper) subset of the rows of this table.

Row n is the signature permutation of the Catalan automorphism which is obtained from the n-th nonrecursive automorphism in the table A089840 with the recursion scheme "RIBS".

In this recursion scheme the given automorphism is applied to all (toplevel) subtrees of the Catalan structure, when it is interpreted as a general tree. Permutations in this table form a countable group, which is isomorphic with the group in A089840. (The RIBS transformation gives the group isomorphism.)

Furthermore, row n of this table is also found as the row A123694(n) in tables A122203 and A122204. If the count of fixed points of the automorphism A089840[n] is given by sequence f, then the count of fixed points of the automorphism A089840[A123694(n)] is given by CONV(f,A000108) (where CONV stands for convolution) and the count of fixed points of the automorphism A122200[n] by INVERT(RIGHT(f)).

The associated Scheme-procedures RIBS and !RIBS can be used to obtain such a transformed automorphism from any constructively or destructively implemented automorphism.

This sequence agrees with A025581 in its initial terms, but then diverges from it. - Antti Karttunen, May 11 2008

This automorphism effects the following transformation on the unlabeled rooted plane binary trees (letters A, B, C refer to arbitrary subtrees located on those nodes and () stands for an implied terminal node).

.A...B...........B...A

..\./.............\./

...x...C....-->....x...C...............()..A.........()..A..

....\./.............\./.................\./....-->....\./...

.....x...............x...................x.............x....

((a . b) . c) -> ((b . a) . c) ___ (() . a) ---> (() . a)

In terms of S-expressions, this automorphism swaps caar and cdar of an S-exp if its first element is not ().

See the Karttunen OEIS-Wiki link for a detailed explanation of how to obtain a given integer sequence from this definition.

This sequence maps A000108(n) oriented (plane) rooted binary trees encoded in range [A014137(n-1)..A014138(n-1)] of A014486 to A001190(n+1) non-oriented rooted binary trees, encoded by their Matula-Goebel numbers (when viewed as a subset of non-oriented rooted general trees). See also the comments at A127301.

If the signature-permutation of a Catalan automorphism SP satisfies the condition A127302(SP(n)) = A127302(n) for all n, then it preserves the non-oriented form of a binary tree. Examples of such automorphisms include A069770, A057163, A122351, A069767/A069768, A073286-A073289, A089854, A089859/A089863, A089864, A122282, A123492-A123494, A123715/A123716, A127377-A127380, A127387 and A127388.

A153835 divides natural numbers to same equivalence classes, i.e. a(i) = a(j) <=> A153835(i) = A153835(j) - Antti Karttunen, Jan 03 2013

Derived from automorphism *A122282 with recursion scheme SPINE or ENIPS.

The signature-permutation of the Catalan automorphism which is derived from automorphism *A122282 with recursion scheme KROF.

The signature-permutation of the Catalan automorphism which is derived from automorphism *A122282 with recursion scheme FORK.

This self-inverse automorphism permutes the top level of a list of even length (1 2 3 4 ... 2n-1 2n) as (2 1 4 3 ... 2n 2n-1), and when applied to a list of odd length (1 2 3 4 ... 2n-1 2n 2n+1), permutes it as (2 1 4 3 ... 2n 2n-1 2n+1).