A153197 Binomial transform of Bessel numbers A006789.

1, 2, 5, 15, 51, 189, 748, 3128, 13731, 62969, 300552, 1488704, 7634723, 40464741, 221311617, 1247444859, 7238458309, 43196661875, 264878725516, 1667564565616, 10770316016557, 71314258947903, 483765644021787, 3359905164274725

Offset: 0

Author

Gary W. Adamson, Dec 20 2008

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

Prefaced with a 1: (1, 1, 2, 5, 15, 51, ...), convolved with A006789 = A006789; identical to reversing k terms of one sequence then taking the dot product of k terms of the other: e.g., A006789(6) = 143 = (51, 15, 5, 2, 1, 1) dot (1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 43) = (51 + 15 + 10 + 10 + 14 + 43). Equals row sums of triangle A153199. A153197 can be generated from the Hankel transform [1,1,1,...] by taking successive iterates of the operations: (binomial transform of [1,1,1,...]) followed by INVERT transform of the result, then binomial transform of the result, (repeat cycle)...; until the operations converge upon a two sequence fixed limit cycle of A006789 and A153197. Or, the infinite set of operations Q may begin: INVERT transform of [1,1,1,..] followed by binomial transform of the result, INVERT transform of the result, etc; until the operations again converge upon A006789 and A153197. The two sequences A006789 and A153197 have the mutual relationships that binomial transform of A006789 = A153197; while the INVERT transform of A153197 prefaced with a 1 and then prefaced with a 1 afterward = A006789.

Product of the two sequences (A153197 prefaced with a 1) and A006789 = A006789 with offset 1. Or, (1,1,2,5,15,51,...) * (1,1,2,5,14,43,...) = (1,2,5,14,43,...).

Conjecture: Given any sequence with Hankel transform of [1,1,1,...], performing alternate operations: binomial transform followed by INVERT transform, then binomial transform of the last result (repeat); or INVERT transform starting first, will converge upon A006789 and A153197 as a two sequence limit cycle. The conjecture can be extended to any Hankel transform (and their accompanying sequence set): analogous operations will converge upon a Bessel-type sequence and its binomial transform.

Examples

			a(3) = 15 = (1, 3, 3, 1) dot (1, 1, 2, 5) = (1 + 3 + 6 + 5).
G.f. = 1 + 2*x + 5*x^2 + 15*x^3 + 51*x^4 + 189*x^5 + 748*x^6 + 3128*x^7 + ...
		

Links

• Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011.

Crossrefs

Cf. A153198, A153199, A006789.

Programs

Mathematica

a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, With[{m = n + 1}, SeriesCoefficient[ Nest[ Series[ x / (1 - 2 x - x (Normal[#] /. x -> x / (1 - x))), {x, 0, m}] &, 0, Ceiling[m/2]], {x, 0, m}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 05 2014 *)

PARI

{a(n) = local( A = O(x) ); if( n<0, 0, n++; for( k=1, ceil(n/2), A = x / (1 - 2*x - x * subst( A, x, x / (1 - x)))); polcoeff( A, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Mar 06 2011 */

Formula

INVERT transform of A153197 with 1 prepended is A006789 with initial 1 removed. Bessel numbers with offset 1: (1, 2, 5, 14, 43, 143, ...).

If the offset is 1, the g.f. A(x) satisfies A(x) = x / (1 - 2*x - x * A( x / (1 - x))). - Michael Somos, Mar 06 2011

G.f.: 1/U(0) where U(k)= 1 - x*(k+2) - x^2/U(k+1) ; (continued fraction, 1-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 11 2012

G.f.: 1/x^2-1/x-U(0)/x^2 where U(k)= 1 - x*(k+1) - x^2/U(k+1); (continued fraction, 1-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 24 2012

Extensions

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 06 2011