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An isolated lattice point is surrounded (in a Moore neighborhood) by 8 points that are not visible from the origin. I have also submitted the corresponding sequence of denominators.

From Gregg Whisler, Jun 21 2010: (Start)

a(n) is also A157429 + 1.

These are also the x coordinates of the isolated visible lattice points in Z^2. (End)

See A178793, A178794 for terminology.

It is not clear to me how many - if any! - of these terms are known to be correct. - N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 17 2012

From Charlie Neder, Jun 27 2018: (Start)

For row k to contain an isolated lattice point, k must contain a pair (m-1,m+1) of nontotatives, and both k-1 and k+1 must contain a triple of consecutive nontotatives. The CRT can then be used to "align" the groups into a box containing a lattice point. We consider the cases when k is odd and when k is even:

a) k is odd:

k cannot be a prime p or a power of a prime, because then the nontotatives to k are precisely the multiples of p, which contain no pairs since k is odd and therefore p > 2. As long as k is divisible by at least two odd primes, a pair can be found by the CRT.

k-1 and k+1 are even but cannot be powers of two, since then the nontotatives would be the even numbers, which contain no triples. As long as they each have at least one odd divisor, then all the odd nontotatives will be centers of triples.

b) k is even:

There are no other restrictions on k itself, since pairs are very easy to find for even k. (e.g. for any prime p not dividing k, (p-1,p+1) is a valid pair)

k-1 and k+1 are both odd and must be the products of at least three distinct primes, since a triple could not form otherwise. The CRT can be used to find triples as long as this is the case.

The first such even k is 664, with isolated point (189449,664) on it. (End)