A181879 Expansion of x*(1+x)/(1-3*x-4*x^2-x^3).

0, 1, 4, 16, 65, 263, 1065, 4312, 17459, 70690, 286218, 1158873, 4692181, 18998253, 76922356, 311452261, 1261044460, 5105864780, 20673224441, 83704176903, 338911293253, 1372223811812, 5556020785351, 22495868896554, 91083913642878, 368791237300201, 1493205235368669, 6045864568949689, 24479205885623944, 99114281168039257, 401305531615563236

Offset: 0

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 26 2010

Keywords

• nonn
• easy

Comments

a(n) appears in the following formula for the nonnegative powers of rho*sigma, where rho:=2*cos(Pi/7) and sigma:=sin(3*Pi/7)/sin(Pi/7)= rho^2-1 are the ratios of the smaller and larger diagonal length to the side length in a regular 7-gon (heptagon). See the Steinbach reference where the basis <1,rho,sigma> is used in an extension of the rational field, called there Q(rho). (rho*sigma)^n = C(n) + B(n)*rho + a(n)*sigma,n>=0, with C(n)= A120757(n) with C(0):=1, and B(n)= |A122600(n-1)| with B(0)=1. For the nonpositive powers see A085810(n)*(-1)^n, A181880(n-2)*(-1)^n and A116423(n+1)*(-1)^(n+1), respectively. See also a comment under A052547.

Links

• P. Steinbach, Golden fields: a case for the heptagon, Math. Mag. 70 (1997), no. 1, 22-31.
• Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,4,1).

Programs

Mathematica

CoefficientList[Series[x (1+x)/(1-3x-4x^2-x^3),{x,0,40}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{3,4,1},{0,1,4},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 04 2024 *)

PARI

Vec((1+x)/(1-3*x-4*x^2-x^3)+O(x^99)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 24 2012

Formula

a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 4*a(n-2) + a(n-3), n>=2, a(-1):=1, a(0)=0, a(1)=1.