A194797 Imbalance of the sum of parts of all partitions of n.

0, -2, 1, -7, 3, -21, 7, -49, 23, -97, 57, -195, 117, -359, 256, -624, 498, -1086, 909, -1831, 1634, -2986, 2833, -4847, 4728, -7700, 7798, -12026, 12537, -18633, 19745, -28479, 30723, -42955, 47100, -64284, 71136, -95228, 106402, -139718, 157327, -203495

Offset: 1

Author

Omar E. Pol, Jan 31 2012

Keywords

• sign

Comments

Consider the three-dimensional structure of the shell model of partitions, version "tree" (see example). Note that only the parts > 1 produce the imbalance. The 1's are located in the central columns therefore they do not produce the imbalance. Note that every column contains exactly the same parts. For more information see A135010.

Examples

			For n = 6 the illustration of the three views of the shell model with 6 shells shows an imbalance (see below):
------------------------------------------------------
Partitions                Tree             Table 1.0
of 6.                    A194805            A135010
------------------------------------------------------
6                   6                     6 . . . . .
3+3                   3                   3 . . 3 . .
4+2                     4                 4 . . . 2 .
2+2+2                     2               2 . 2 . 2 .
5+1                         1   5         5 . . . . 1
3+2+1                       1 3           3 . . 2 . 1
4+1+1                   4   1             4 . . . 1 1
2+2+1+1                   2 1             2 . 2 . 1 1
3+1+1+1                     1 3           3 . . 1 1 1
2+1+1+1+1                 2 1             2 . 1 1 1 1
1+1+1+1+1+1                 1             1 1 1 1 1 1
------------------------------------------------------
.
.                   6 3 4 2 1 3 5
.     Table 2.0     . . . . 1 . .     Table 2.1
.      A182982      . . . 2 1 . .      A182983
.                   . 3 . . 1 2 .
.                   . . 2 2 1 . .
.                   . . . . 1
------------------------------------------------------
The sum of all parts > 1 on the left hand side is 34 and the sum of all parts > 1 on the right hand side is 13, so a(6) = -34 + 13 = -21. On the other hand for n = 6 the first n terms of A138880 are 0, 2, 3, 8, 10, 24 thus a(6) = 0-2+3-8+10-24 = -21.
		

Links

• Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Crossrefs

Cf. A000041, A002865, A135010, A138121, A138880, A141285, A182710, A182742, A182743, A182746, A182747, A182982, A182983, A182994, A182995, A194796, A194805.

Programs

Maple

with(combinat):
a:= proc(n) option remember;
      n *(-1)^n *(numbpart(n-1)-numbpart(n)) +a(n-1)
    end: a(0):=0:
seq(a(n), n=1..50); # Alois P. Heinz, Apr 04 2012

Mathematica

a[n_] := Sum[(-1)^(k-1)*k*(PartitionsP[k] - PartitionsP[k-1]), {k, 1, n}]; Array[a, 50] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 09 2016 *)

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(k-1)*k*(p(k)-p(k-1)), where p(k) is the number of partitions of k.

a(n) = b(1)-b(2)+b(3)-b(4)+b(5)-b(6)...+-b(n), where b(n) = A138880(n).

a(n) ~ -(-1)^n * Pi * sqrt(2) * exp(Pi*sqrt(2*n/3)) / (48*sqrt(n)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 09 2018