A225473 -id:A225473 - cp's OEIS frontend

A225118 Triangle read by rows, coefficients of the generalized Eulerian polynomials A_{n, 4}(x) in descending order.

1, 3, 1, 9, 22, 1, 27, 235, 121, 1, 81, 1996, 3446, 620, 1, 243, 15349, 63854, 40314, 3119, 1, 729, 112546, 963327, 1434812, 422087, 15618, 1, 2187, 806047, 12960063, 37898739, 26672209, 4157997, 78117, 1, 6561, 5705752, 162711868, 840642408, 1151050534

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, May 02 2013

The row sums equal the quadruple factorial numbers A047053 and the alternating row sums, i.e., sum((-1)^k*T(n,k),k=0..n), are up to a sign A079858. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 04 2013

			[0]  1
[1]  3*x   +    1
[2]  9*x^2 +   22*x   +    1
[3] 27*x^3 +  235*x^2 +  121*x   + 1
[4] 81*x^4 + 1996*x^3 + 3446*x^2 + 620*x + 1
...
The triangle T(n, k) begins:
n\k
0:    1
1:    3      1
2:    9     22        1
3:   27    235      121        1
4:   81   1996     3446      620        1
5:  243  15349    63854    40314     3119       1
6:  729 112546   963327  1434812   422087   15618     1
7: 2187 806047 12960063 37898739 26672209 4157997 78117 1
...
row n=8: 6561 5705752 162711868 840642408 1151050534 442372648 39531132 390616 1,
row n=9: 19683 40156777 1955297356 16677432820 39523450714 29742429982 6818184988 367889284 1953115 1.
... - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Apr 12 2017

Peter Luschny, Generalized Eulerian polynomials.
Zhe Wang and Zhi-Yong Zhu, The spiral property of q-Eulerian numbers of type B, The Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 87(1) (2023), Pages 198-202. See p. 199.

Coefficients of A_{n,1}(x) = A008292, coefficients of A_{n,2}(x) = A060187, coefficients of A_{n,3}(x) = A225117. A123125, A225467, A225469, A225473.

gf := proc(n, k) local f; f := (x,t) -> x*exp(t*x/k)/(1-x*exp(t*x));
series(f(x,t), t, n+2); ((1-x)/x)^(n+1)*k^n*n!*coeff(%, t, n):
collect(simplify(%), x) end:
seq(print(seq(coeff(gf(n, 4), x, n-k), k=0..n)), n=0..6);
# Recurrence:
P := proc(n,x) option remember; if n = 0 then 1 else
  (n*x+(1/4)*(1-x))*P(n-1,x)+x*(1-x)*diff(P(n-1,x),x);
  expand(%) fi end:
A225117 := (n,k) -> 4^n*coeff(P(n,x),x,n-k):
seq(print(seq(A225117(n,k), k=0..n)), n=0..5);  # Peter Luschny, Mar 08 2014

gf[n_, k_] := Module[{f, s}, f[x_, t_] := x*Exp[t*x/k]/(1-x*Exp[t*x]); s = Series[f[x, t], {t, 0, n+2}]; ((1-x)/x)^(n+1)*k^n*n!*SeriesCoefficient[s, {t, 0, n}]]; Table[Table[SeriesCoefficient[gf[n, 4], {x, 0, n-k}], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 8}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 27 2014, after Maple *)

@CachedFunction
def EB(n, k, x):  # Modified cardinal B-splines
    if n == 1: return 0 if (x < 0) or (x >= 1) else 1
    return k*x*EB(n-1, k, x) + k*(n-x)*EB(n-1, k, x-1)
def EulerianPolynomial(n, k): # Generalized Eulerian polynomials
    R. = ZZ[]
    if x == 0: return 1
    return add(EB(n+1, k, m+1/k)*x^m for m in (0..n))
[EulerianPolynomial(n, 4).coefficients()[::-1] for n in (0..5)]

G.f. of the polynomials is gf(n, k) = k^n*n!*(1/x-1)^(n+1)[t^n](x*e^(t*x/k)*(1-x*e(t*x))^(-1)) for k = 4; here [t^n]f(t,x) is the coefficient of t^n in f(t,x).
From Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 12 2017 : (Start)
E.g.f. of row polynomials (rising powers of x): (1-x)*exp(3*(1-x)*z)/(1-y*exp(4*(1-x)*z)), i.e. e.g.f. of the triangle.
E.g.f. for the row polynomials with falling powers of x (A_{n, 4}(x) of the name): (1-x)*exp((1-x)*z)/(1 - x*exp(4*(1-x)*z)).
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^(k-j) * binomial(n+1,k-j) * (3+4*j)^n, 0 <= k <= n.
Recurrence: T(n, k) = (4*(n-k) + 1)*T(n-1, k-1) + (3 + 4*k)*T(n-1, k), n >= 1, with T(n, -1) = 0, T(0, 0) = 1 and T(n, k) = 0 for n < k. (End)
In terms of Euler's triangle = A123125: T(n, k) = Sum_{m=0..n} (binomial(n, m)*3^(n-m)*4^m*Sum_{p=0..k} (-1)^(k-p)*binomial(n-m, k-p)*A123125(m, p)), 0 <= k <= n. - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 13 2017

A225472 Triangle read by rows, k!*S_3(n, k) where S_m(n, k) are the Stirling-Frobenius subset numbers of order m; n >= 0, k >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 21, 18, 8, 117, 270, 162, 16, 609, 2862, 4212, 1944, 32, 3093, 26550, 72090, 77760, 29160, 64, 15561, 230958, 1031940, 1953720, 1662120, 524880, 128, 77997, 1941030, 13429962, 39735360, 57561840, 40415760, 11022480, 256, 390369, 15996222, 165198852

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, May 17 2013

The Stirling-Frobenius subset numbers are defined in A225468 (see also the Sage program).

			[n\k][0,     1,      2,       3,       4,       5,      6 ]
[0]   1,
[1]   2,     3,
[2]   4,    21,     18,
[3]   8,   117,    270,     162,
[4]  16,   609,   2862,    4212,    1944,
[5]  32,  3093,  26550,   72090,   77760,   29160,
[6]  64, 15561, 230958, 1031940, 1953720, 1662120, 524880.

Vincenzo Librandi, Rows n = 0..50, flattened
P. Bala, A 3 parameter family of generalized Stirling numbers.
Peter Luschny, Generalized Eulerian polynomials.
Peter Luschny, The Stirling-Frobenius numbers.

Cf. A131689 (m=1), A145901 (m=2), A225473 (m=4).

Cf. A225466, A225468, columns: A000079, 3*A016127, 3^2*2!*A016297, 3^3*3!*A025999.

SF_SO := proc(n, k, m) option remember;
if n = 0 and k = 0 then return(1) fi;
if k > n or k < 0 then return(0) fi;
m*k*SF_SO(n-1, k-1, m) + (m*(k+1)-1)*SF_SO(n-1, k, m) end:
seq(print(seq(SF_SO(n, k, 3), k=0..n)), n = 0..5);

EulerianNumber[n_, k_, m_] := EulerianNumber[n, k, m] = (If[ n == 0, Return[If[k == 0, 1, 0]]]; Return[(m*(n-k)+m-1)*EulerianNumber[n-1, k-1, m] + (m*k+1)*EulerianNumber[n-1, k, m]]); SFSO[n_, k_, m_] := Sum[ EulerianNumber[n, j, m]*Binomial[j, n-k], {j, 0, n}]; Table[ SFSO[n, k, 3], {n, 0, 8}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 29 2013, translated from Sage *)

@CachedFunction
def EulerianNumber(n, k, m) :
    if n == 0: return 1 if k == 0 else 0
    return (m*(n-k)+m-1)*EulerianNumber(n-1, k-1, m)+ (m*k+1)*EulerianNumber(n-1, k, m)
def SF_SO(n, k, m):
    return add(EulerianNumber(n, j, m)*binomial(j, n - k) for j in (0..n))
for n in (0..6): [SF_SO(n, k, 3) for k in (0..n)]

For a recurrence see the Maple program.
T(n, 0) ~ A000079; T(n, 1) ~ A005057; T(n, n) ~ A032031.
From Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 10 2017: (Start)
E.g.f. for sequence of column k: exp(2*x)*(exp(3*x) - 1)^k, k >= 0. From the Sheffer triangle S2[3,2] = A225466 with column k multiplied with k!.
O.g.f. for sequence of column k is 3^k*k!*x^k/Product_{j=0..k} (1 - (2+3*j)*x), k >= 0.
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^(k-j)*binomial(k, j)*(2+3*j)^n, 0 <= k <= n.
Three term recurrence (see the Maple program): T(n, k) = 0 if n < k , T(n, -1) = 0, T(0,0) = 1, T(n, k) = 3*k*T(n-1, k-1) + (2 + 3*k)*T(n-1, k) for n >= 1, k=0..n.
For the column scaled triangle (with diagonal 1s) see A225468, and the Bala link with (a,b,c) = (3,0,2), where Sheffer triangles are called exponential Riordan triangles.
(End)
The e.g.f. of the row polynomials R(n, x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*x^k is exp(2*z)/(1 - x*(exp(3*z) - 1)). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 12 2017

A157817 Numerator of Bernoulli(n, 1/4).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, -1, 3, 7, -25, -31, 427, 127, -12465, -2555, 555731, 1414477, -35135945, -57337, 2990414715, 118518239, -329655706465, -5749691557, 45692713833379, 91546277357, -7777794952988025, -1792042792463, 1595024111042171723, 1982765468311237, -387863354088927172625

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 08 2009

From Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 28 2017: (Start)
The rationals r(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} ((-1)^k / (k+1))*A285061(n, k)*k! = Sum_{k=0..n} ((-1)^k/(k+1))*A225473(n, k) define generalized Bernoulli numbers, named B[4,1](n), in terms of the generalized Stirling2 numbers S2[4,1]. The numerators of r(n) are a(n) and the denominators A141459(n). r(n) = B[4,1](n) = 4^n*B(n, 1/4) with the Bernoulli polynomials B(n, x) = Bernoulli(n, x) from A196838/A196839 or A053382/A053383.
The generalized Bernoulli numbers B[4,3](n) = Sum_{k=0..n} ((-1)^k/(k+1))* A225467(n, k)*k! = Sum_{k=0..n} ((-1)^k/(k+1))*A225473(n, k) satisfy
  B[4,3](n) = 4^n*B(n, 3/4) = (-1)^n*B[4,1](n). They have numerators (-1)^n*a(n) and also denominators A141459(n). (End)

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..250

For denominators see A157818 and A141459.

Table[Numerator[BernoulliB[n, 1/4]], {n, 0, 50}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 16 2014 *)

From Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 28 2017: (Start)
a(n) = numerator(Bernoulli(n, 1/4)) with denominator A157818(n) (see the name).
a(n) = numerator(4^n*Bernoulli(n, 1/4)) with denominator A141459(n) = A157818(n)/4^n.
a(n)*(-1)^n = numerator(4^n*Bernoulli(n, 3/4)) with denominator A141459(n).
(End)

A285066 Triangle read by rows: T(n, m) = A285061(n, m)*m!, 0 <= m <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 1, 24, 32, 1, 124, 480, 384, 1, 624, 5312, 10752, 6144, 1, 3124, 52800, 203520, 276480, 122880, 1, 15624, 500192, 3279360, 7956480, 8110080, 2949120, 1, 78124, 4626720, 48633984, 187729920, 329441280, 268369920, 82575360, 1, 390624, 42265472, 687762432, 3969552384, 10672865280, 14615838720, 9909043200, 2642411520, 1, 1953124, 383514240, 9448097280, 78486589440, 303521218560, 621544734720, 696605736960, 404288962560, 95126814720

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 19 2017

This is the Sheffer triangle S2[4,1] = A285061 with column m scaled by m!. This is the fourth member of the triangle family A131689, A145901 and A284861.
This triangle appears in the o.g.f. G(n, x) = Sum_{m=0..n} T(n, m)*x^m/(1-x)^(m+1), n >= 0, of the power sequence {(1+4*m)^n}_{m >= 0}.
The diagonal sequence is A047053. The row sums give A285067. The alternating sum of row n is A141413(n+2), n >= 0.
The first column sequences are: A000012, 4*A003463, 2!*4^2*A016234.

			The triangle T(n, m) begins:
  n\m 0     1       2        3         4         5         6        7
  0:  1
  1:  1     4
  2:  1    24      32
  3:  1   124     480      384
  4:  1   624    5312    10752      6144
  5:  1  3124   52800   203520    276480    122880
  6:  1 15624  500192  3279360   7956480   8110080   2949120
  7:  1 78124 4626720 48633984 187729920 329441280 268369920 82575360
  ...
row 8: 1 390624 42265472 687762432 3969552384 10672865280 14615838720 9909043200 2642411520
row 9: 1 1953124 383514240 9448097280 78486589440 303521218560 621544734720 696605736960 404288962560 95126814720
...

Wolfdieter Lang, On Sums of Powers of Arithmetic Progressions, and Generalized Stirling, Eulerian and Bernoulli numbers, arXiv:1707.04451 [math.NT], 2017.

Cf. A000012, 4*A003463, 32*A016234, A111578 (T(n, m)/4^m), A131689, A141413, A145901, A225118, A225472, A225473, A284861, A285061.

T[n_, m_]:=Sum[Binomial[m, k]*(-1)^(k - m)*(1 + 4k)^n, {k, 0, n}]; Table[T[n, m], {n, 0, 10},{m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Indranil Ghosh, May 02 2017 *)

from sympy import binomial
def T(n, m):
    return sum([binomial(m, k)*(-1)**(k - m)*(1 + 4*k)**n for k in range(n + 1)])
for n in range(21):
    print([T(n, m) for m in range(n + 1)])
# Indranil Ghosh, May 02 2017

T(n, m) = A285061(n, m)*m! = A111578(n, m)*(4^m*m!), 0 <= m <= n.
T(n, m) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(m,k)*(-1)^(k-m)*(1+4*k)^n.
T(n, m) = Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n-j,m-j)*A225118(n,n-j).
Recurrence: T(n, -1) = 0, T(0, 0) = 1, T(n, m) = 0 if n < m and T(n, m) =
4*m*T(n-1, m-1) + (1+4*m)*T(n-1, m) for n >= 1, m=0..n.
E.g.f. row polynomials R(n, x) = Sum_{m=0..n} T(n, m)*x^m: exp(z)/(1 - x*(exp(4*z) - 1)).
E.g.f. column m: exp(x)*(exp(4*x) - 1)^m, m >= 0.
O.g.f. column m: m!*(4*x)^m/Product_{j=0..m} (1 - (1 + 4*j)*x), m >= 0.

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A225118 Triangle read by rows, coefficients of the generalized Eulerian polynomials A_{n, 4}(x) in descending order.

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A225472 Triangle read by rows, k!*S_3(n, k) where S_m(n, k) are the Stirling-Frobenius subset numbers of order m; n >= 0, k >= 0.

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A157817 Numerator of Bernoulli(n, 1/4).

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A285066 Triangle read by rows: T(n, m) = A285061(n, m)*m!, 0 <= m <= n.

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