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Because 2 is the only even term in A014580, it implies that, apart from a(2)=3, odd numbers occur in odd positions only (along with many even numbers that also occur in odd positions).

Note that for any value k in A246156, "Odd reducible polynomials over GF(2)": 5, 9, 15, 17, 21, 23, ..., a(k) will be even, and apart from 2, all other even numbers are mapped to some even number, so all those terms reside in infinite cycles. Furthermore, apart from 5 and 15, all of them reside in separate cycles. The infinite cycle containing 5 and 15 goes as: ..., 47, 11, 5, 6, 14, 8, 4, 2, 3, 7, 15, 24, 20, 26, 120, 7680, ... and it is only because a(2) = 3, that it can temporarily switch back from even terms to odd terms, until after a(15) = 24 it is finally doomed to the eternal evenness.

(Compare also to the comments given at A246161).

Self-inverse permutation A193231 maps each term of this sequence to some term of A246156 and vice versa.

Each term belongs into a distinct infinite cycle in permutations like A246161/A246162 and A246163/A246164 apart from 4, which is in a finite cycle (3 4) of A246161/A246162 and 4 and 8 which both are in the same (infinite) cycle of A246163/A246164.

This is an instance of entanglement permutation, where the two complementary pairs to be entangled with each other are A014580/A091242 (binary codes for irreducible and reducible polynomials over GF(2)) and A065621/A048724, the latter which themselves are permutations of A000069/A001969 (odious and evil numbers), which means that this permutation shares many properties with A246161.

Because 3 is the only evil number in A014580, it implies that, apart from a(3)=7, odious numbers occur in odious positions only (along with many evil numbers that also occur in odious positions).

Furthermore, all terms of A246158 reside in infinite cycles, and apart from 4 and 8, all of them reside in separate cycles. The infinite cycle containing 4 and 8 goes as: ..., 2091, 97, 47, 13, 11, 4, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6, 9, 10, 27, 46, 408, 2535, ... and it is only because a(3) = 7, that it can temporarily switch back from evil terms to odious terms, until right after a(8) = 5 it is finally doomed to the eternal evilness.

Please see also the comments at A246201 and A246161.

This is an instance of entanglement-permutation, where the two complementary pairs to be entangled with each other are A000069/A001969 (odious and evil numbers) and A014580/A091242 (binary codes for irreducible and reducible polynomials over GF(2)).

Because 3 is the only evil number in A014580, it implies that, apart from a(4)=3, all other odious positions contain an odious number. There are also odious numbers in some of the evil positions, precisely all the terms of A246158 in some order, together with all evil numbers larger than 3. (Permutation A246164 has the same property, except there a(7)=3.) See comments in A246161 for more details how this affects the cycle structure of these permutations.

This permutation has the same cycle structure as A246163 has because this is its A193231-conjugate.

On the other hand, it shares with A246201 the following property:

Because 2 is the only even term in A014580, it implies that, apart from a(2)=7, odd numbers occur in odd positions only (along with many even numbers that also occur in odd positions).

Note that for any value k in A246156, "Odd reducible polynomials over GF(2)": 5, 9, 15, 17, 21, 23, ..., a(k) will be even, and apart from 2, all other even numbers are mapped to some even number, so all those terms reside in infinite cycles, and apart from 5 and 15, all of them reside in separate cycles. The infinite cycle containing 5 and 15 goes as: ..., 14523, 3889, 103, 59, 11, 13, 5, 2, 7, 15, 4, 6, 14, 12, 28, 58, 480, 3728, 3932416, ... and it is only because a(2) = 7, that it can temporarily switch back from even terms to odd terms, until right after a(15) = 4 it is finally doomed to the eternal evenness.

See also comments at A246161 and A246163.