A292689 Decimal values of the antidiagonals of the Sierpinski carpet considered as binary numbers.

1, 3, 5, 15, 31, 45, 119, 231, 325, 975, 2015, 2925, 8191, 16383, 23405, 61431, 118759, 166725, 499151, 1030623, 1495405, 4186623, 8372735, 11960685, 31392247, 60686823, 85197125, 255591375, 528222175, 766774125, 2147229695, 4294721535, 6135503725, 16103829495, 31132078055

Offset: 1

Author

M. F. Hasler, Oct 23 2017

Keywords

• nonn
• base

Comments

Term a(n) is the decimal value of A292688 = concatenation of the terms in row n of A153490 considered as a binary number.

The Sierpinski carpet is the fractal obtained by starting with a unit square and at subsequent iterations, subdividing each square into 3 X 3 smaller squares and removing the middle square. After the n-th iteration, the upper-left 3^n X 3^n squares will always remain the same. Therefore this sequence, which considers the antidiagonals of this infinite matrix, is well-defined.

The n-th term a(n) has n binary digits.

The Hamming weights of the terms (also row sums of A153490) are (1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 8, 10, 8, 13, 14, 10, 14, 13, 8, 14, 16, 12, 18, 18, 12, 16, ...).

Examples

			The Sierpinski carpet matrix A153490 reads
   1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
   1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ...
   1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
   1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ...
   1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 ...
   1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ...
   1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
   1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ...
   1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
   ...
The concatenation of the terms in the antidiagonals yields A292688 = (1, 11, 101, 1111, 11111, 101101, 1110111, 11100111, 101000101, 1111001111, 11111011111, 101101101101, 1111111111111, 11111111111111, 101101101101101, ...).
Considered as binary numbers and converted to base 10, this yields 1, 3, 5, 15, 31, 45, 119, 231, 325, ... .
		

Links

• Paolo Xausa, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..729
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpinski Carpet.
• Wikipedia, Sierpinski carpet.

Crossrefs

Cf. A153490, A292688.

Programs

Mathematica

A292689[i_]:=With[{a=Nest[ArrayFlatten[{{#,#,#},{#,0,#},{#,#,#}}]&,{{1}},i]},Array[FromDigits[Diagonal[a,#],2]&,3^i,1-3^i]];A292689[4] (* Generates 3^4 terms *) (* Paolo Xausa, May 13 2023 *)

PARI

A292689(n,A=Mat(1))={while(#A
				

Formula

a(k+1) = 2*a(k)+1 for all k in A003462 = (1, 4, 13, 40, 121, 364, ...). (Conjectured.) - R. J. Cano, Oct 25 2017

This is true, moreover, a(k) = 2^k-1 for these k (and k' = k+1), and the neighboring antidiagonals (k-1 and k+2) have bitmaps of the form {101}*(101 repeated). - M. F. Hasler, Oct 25 2017