A321860 Number of primes congruent to 2, 6, 7, 8, 10 modulo 11 and <= n minus number of primes congruent to 1, 3, 4, 5, 9 modulo 11 and <= n.

0, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2

Offset: 1

Author

Jianing Song, Nov 20 2018

Keywords

• sign

Comments

a(n) is the number of primes <= n that are quadratic nonresidues modulo 11 minus the number of primes <= n that are quadratic residues modulo 11.

It seems that there are more negative terms here than in some other sequences mentioned in crossrefs; nevertheless, among the first 10000 terms, only 138 ones are negative.

Please see the comment in A321856 describing "Chebyshev's bias" in the general case.

Examples

			Below 200, there are 20 primes congruent to 1, 3, 4, 5, 9 modulo 11 and 23 primes congruent to 2, 6, 7, 8, 10 modulo 11, so a(200) = 23 - 20 = 3.
		

Links

• Wikipedia, Chebyshev's bias

Crossrefs

Cf. A112632.

Let d be a fundamental discriminant.

Sequences of the form "a(n) = -Sum_{primes p<=n} Kronecker(d,p)" with |d| <= 12: this sequence (d=-11), A320857 (d=-8), A321859 (d=-7), A066520 (d=-4), A321856 (d=-3), A321857 (d=5), A071838 (d=8), A321858 (d=12).

Sequences of the form "a(n) = -Sum_{i=1..n} Kronecker(d,prime(i))" with |d| <= 12: A321865 (d=-11), A320858 (d=-8), A321864 (d=-7), A038698 (d=-4), A112632 (d=-3), A321862 (d=5), A321861 (d=8), A321863 (d=12).

Programs

PARI

a(n) = -sum(i=1, n, isprime(i)*kronecker(-11, i))

Formula

a(n) = -Sum_{primes p<=n} Legendre(p,11) = -Sum_{primes p<=n} Kronecker(-11,p) = -Sum_{primes p<=n} A011582(p).