A336547 Numbers k such that for 1 <= i < j <= h, all sigma(p_i^e_i), sigma(p_j^e_j) are pairwise coprime, when k = p_1^e_1 * ... * p_h^e_h, where each p_i^e_i is the maximal power of prime p_i dividing k.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 81, 83, 86, 89, 92, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 116, 117, 121, 122, 124, 125

Offset: 1

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jul 25 2020

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

Numbers k such that A051027(k) = Product_{p^e||k} A051027(p^e) = A353802(n). Here each p^e is the maximal prime power divisor of k, and A051027(k) = sigma(sigma(k)). Numbers at which points A051027 appears to be multiplicative.

Proof that this interpretation is equal to the main definition:

(1) If none of sigma(p_1^e_1), ..., sigma(p_k^e_k) share prime factors, then A051027(k) = sigma(sigma(p_1^e_1) * ... * sigma(p_k^e_k)) = A051027(p_1^e_1) * ... * A051027(p_k^e_k), by multiplicativity of sigma.

(2) On the other hand, if say, gcd(sigma(p_i^e_i), sigma(p_j^e_j)) = c > 1 for some distinct i, j, then that c has at least one prime factor q, with product t = sigma(p_1^e_1) * ... * sigma(p_k^e_k) having a divisor of the form q^v (where v = valuation(t,q)), and the same prime factor q occurs as a divisor in more than one of the sigma(p_i^e_j), in the form q^k, with the exponents summing to v, then it is impossible to form sigma(q^v) = (1 + q + q^2 + ... + q^v) as a product of some sigma(q^k_1) * ... * sigma(q^k_z), i.e., as a product of (1 + q + ... + q^k_1) * ... * (1 + q + ... + q^k_z), with v = k_1 + ... + k_z, because such a product is always larger than (1 + q + ... + q^v). And if there are more such cases of "split primes", then each of them brings its own share to this monotonic inequivalence, thus Product_{p^e|n} A051027(p^e) = A353802(n) >= A051027(n), for all n.

From Antti Karttunen, May 07 2022: (Start)

Also numbers k such that A062401(k) = phi(sigma(n)) = Product_{p^e||k} A062401(p^e) = A353752(n).

Proof that also this interpretation is equal to the main definition:

(1) like in (1) above, if none of sigma(p_1^e_1), ..., sigma(p_k^e_k) share prime factors, then by the multiplicativity of phi.

(2) On the other hand, if say, gcd(sigma(p_i^e_i), sigma(p_j^e_j)) = c > 1 for some distinct i, j, then that c must have a prime factor q occurring in both sigma(p_i^e_i) and sigma(p_j^e_j), with say q^x being the highest power of q in the former, and q^y in the latter. Then phi(q^x)*phi(q^y) < phi(q^(x+y)), i.e. here the inequivalence acts to the opposite direction than with sigma(sigma(...)), so we have A353752(n) <= A062401(n) for all n.

(End)

From Antti Karttunen, May 22 2022: (Start)

All even perfect numbers (even terms of A000396) are included in this sequence. In general, for any perfect number n in this sequence, map k -> A026741(sigma(k)) induces on its unitary prime power divisors (p^e||n) a permutation that is a single cycle, mapping each one of them to the next larger one, except that the largest is mapped to the smallest one. Therefore, for a hypothetical odd perfect number n = x*a*b*c*d*e*f*g*h to be included in this sequence, where x is Euler's special factor of the form (4k+1)^(4h+1), and a .. h are even powers of odd primes (of which there are at least eight distinct ones, see P. P. Nielsen reference in A228058), further constraints are imposed on it: (1) that h < x < 2*a (here assuming that a, b, c, ..., g, h have already been sorted by their size, thus we have a < b < ... < g < h < x < 2*a, and (2), that we must also have sigma(a) = b, sigma(b) = c, ..., sigma(f) = g, sigma(h) = x, and sigma(x) = 2*a. Note that of the 400 initial terms of A008848, only its second term 81 is a prime power, so empirically this seems highly unlikely to ever happen.

(End)

Examples

			28 = 2^2 * 7 is present, as sigma(2^2) = 7 and sigma(7) = 8, and 7 and 8 are relatively prime (do not share prime factors). Likewise for all even terms of A000396. - _Antti Karttunen_, May 09 2022
		

Links

• Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..25000
• Index entries for sequences related to sigma(n)

Crossrefs

Cf. A051027, A062401, A336546 (characteristic function), A336548 (complement).

Positions of zeros in A336562, in A353753, and in A353803.

Positions of ones in A353755, in A353784, and in A353806.

Union of A000961 and A336549.

Subsequence of A336358 and of A336557.

Cf. also A000396, A008848, A228058, A231484, A353752, A353802.

Programs

PARI

isA336547(n) = A336546(n);

Formula

{k | A336562(k) == 0}. - Antti Karttunen, May 09 2022

Extensions

The old definition moved to comments and replaced with an alternative definition from the comment section by Antti Karttunen, May 07 2022