A355360 G.f. A(x,y) satisfies: x*y*A(x,y) = Sum_{n=-oo..+oo} (-1)^n * x^(n*(n+1)/2) * A(x,y)^n, with coefficients T(n,k) of x^n*y^k in A(x,y) given as a triangle read by rows.

1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 9, 12, 5, 0, 22, 54, 46, 14, 0, 51, 196, 282, 175, 42, 0, 108, 630, 1360, 1365, 666, 132, 0, 221, 1836, 5635, 8190, 6321, 2541, 429, 0, 429, 4984, 20850, 41405, 45326, 28448, 9724, 1430, 0, 810, 12744, 70737, 184527, 270060, 237209, 125532, 37323, 4862, 0, 1479, 31050, 223652, 745745, 1404102, 1625932, 1193116, 546039, 143650, 16796

Offset: 0

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Jul 19 2022

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl

Comments

The main diagonal equals A000108, the Catalan numbers.

Conjectures.

(C.1) Column 1 equals A000716, the number of partitions into parts of 3 kinds.

(C.2) Column 2 equals twice A023005, the number of partitions into parts of 6 kinds.

The term T(n,k) is found in row n and column k of this triangle, and can be used to derive the following sequences.

A355361(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) for n >= 0 (row sums).

A355362(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * 2^k for n >= 0.

A355363(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * 3^k for n >= 0.

A355364(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} T(n-k,k) for n >= 0 (antidiagonal sums).

A355365(n) = T(2*n,n) for n >= 0 (central terms of this triangle).

Examples

			G.f.: A(x,y) = 1 + x*y + x^2*(3*y + 2*y^2) + x^3*(9*y + 12*y^2 + 5*y^3) + x^4*(22*y + 54*y^2 + 46*y^3 + 14*y^4) + x^5*(51*y + 196*y^2 + 282*y^3 + 175*y^4 + 42*y^5) + x^6*(108*y + 630*y^2 + 1360*y^3 + 1365*y^4 + 666*y^5 + 132*y^6) + x^7*(221*y + 1836*y^2 + 5635*y^3 + 8190*y^4 + 6321*y^5 + 2541*y^6 + 429*y^7) + x^8*(429*y + 4984*y^2 + 20850*y^3 + 41405*y^4 + 45326*y^5 + 28448*y^6 + 9724*y^7 + 1430*y^8) + x^9*(810*y + 12744*y^2 + 70737*y^3 + 184527*y^4 + 270060*y^5 + 237209*y^6 + 125532*y^7 + 37323*y^8 + 4862*y^9) + x^10*(1479*y + 31050*y^2 + 223652*y^3 + 745745*y^4 + 1404102*y^5 + 1625932*y^6 + 1193116*y^7 + 546039*y^8 + 143650*y^9 + 16796*y^10) + ...
where
x*y*A(x) = ... - x^10/A(x,y)^5 + x^6/A(x,y)^4 - x^3/A(x,y)^3 + x/A(x,y)^2 - 1/A(x,y) + 1 - x*A(x,y) + x^3*A(x,y)^2 - x^6*A(x,y)^3 + x^10*A(x,y)^4 -+ ... + (-1)^n * x^(n*(n+1)/2) * A(x,y)^n + ...
also,
x*y*A(x)*P(x) = (1 - x*A(x,y))*(1 - 1/A(x,y)) * (1 - x^2*A(x,y))*(1 - x/A(x,y)) * (1 - x^3*A(x,y))*(1 - x^2/A(x,y)) * (1 - x^4*A(x,y))*(1 - x^3/A(x,y)) * ... * (1 - x^n*A(x,y))*(1 - x^(n-1)/A(x,y)) * ...
TRIANGLE.
The triangle of coefficients T(n,k) of x^n*y^k in A(x,y), for k = 0..n in row n, begins:
n=0: [1];
n=1: [0, 1];
n=2: [0, 3, 2];
n=3: [0, 9, 12, 5];
n=4: [0, 22, 54, 46, 14];
n=5: [0, 51, 196, 282, 175, 42];
n=6: [0, 108, 630, 1360, 1365, 666, 132];
n=7: [0, 221, 1836, 5635, 8190, 6321, 2541, 429];
n=8: [0, 429, 4984, 20850, 41405, 45326, 28448, 9724, 1430];
n=9: [0, 810, 12744, 70737, 184527, 270060, 237209, 125532, 37323, 4862];
n=10: [0, 1479, 31050, 223652, 745745, 1404102, 1625932, 1193116, 546039, 143650, 16796];
n=11: [0, 2640, 72560, 667005, 2784110, 6565030, 9646462, 9242178, 5826171, 2349490, 554268, 58786];
n=12: [0, 4599, 163632, 1892670, 9729720, 28161819, 51126740, 61555824, 50308245, 27806065, 10023948, 2143428, 208012];
...
in which column 1 appears to equal A000716, the coefficients in P(x)^3,
and column 2 appears to equal twice A023005, the coefficients in P(x)^6,
where P(x) is the partition function and begins
P(x) = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 3*x^3 + 5*x^4 + 7*x^5 + 11*x^6 + 15*x^7 + 22*x^8 + 30*x^9 + 42*x^10 + ... + A000041(n)*x^n + ...
Also, the power series expansions of P(x)^3 and P(x)^6 begin
P(x)^3 = 1 + 3*x + 9*x^2 + 22*x^3 + 51*x^4 + 108*x^5 + 221*x^6 + 429*x^7 + 810*x^8 + 1479*x^9 + 2640*x^10 + ... + A000716(n)*x^n + ...
P(x)^6 = 1 + 6*x + 27*x^2 + 98*x^3 + 315*x^4 + 918*x^5 + 2492*x^6 + 6372*x^7 + 15525*x^8 + 36280*x^9 + 81816*x^10 + ... + A023005(n)*x^n + ...
The main diagonal equals the Catalan numbers (A000108), where g.f. C(x) = 1 + x*C(x)^2 begins
C(x) = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 5*x^3 + 14*x^4 + 42*x^5 + 132*x^6 + 429*x^7 + 1430*x^8 + 4862*x^9 + ... + A000108(n)*x^n + ...
		

Links

• Paul D. Hanna, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..5150

Crossrefs

Cf. A000108 (main diagonal), A000041, A000716, A023005.

Cf. A355361 (y=1), A355362 (y=2), A355363 (y=3), A355364, A355365.

Cf. A355350 (related table).

Programs

PARI

{T(n,k) = my(A=[1,y],t); for(i=1,n, A=concat(A,0); t = ceil(sqrt(2*(#A)+9));
A[#A] = polcoeff( x*y*Ser(A) - sum(m=-t,t, (-1)^m*x^(m*(m+1)/2)*Ser(A)^m ), #A-1));polcoeff(A[n+1],k,y)}
for(n=0,12, for(k=0,n, print1( T(n,k),", "));print(""))

Formula

G.f. A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n * Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*y^k satisfies:

(1) x*y*A(x) = Sum_{n=-oo..+oo} (-1)^n * x^(n*(n+1)/2) * A(x,y)^n.

(2) -x*y*A(x)^2 = Sum_{n=-oo..+oo} (-1)^n * x^(n*(n+1)/2) / A(x,y)^n.

(3) x*y*A(x)*P(x) = Product_{n>=1} (1 - x^n*A(x,y)) * (1 - x^(n-1)/A(x,y)), where P(x) = Product_{n>=1} 1/(1 - x^n) is the partition function (A000041), due to the Jacobi triple product identity.

(4) A(x,y) = B(x, y*A(x,y)) and A(x, y/B(x,y)) = B(x,y) where x*y = Sum_{n=-oo..+oo} (-1)^n * x^(n*(n+1)/2) * B(x,y)^n, and B(x,y) is the g.f. of table A355350.