A361682 Array read by descending antidiagonals. A(n, k) is the number of multiset combinations of {0, 1} whose type is defined in the comments. Also A(n, k) = hypergeom([-k, -2], [1], n).

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 6, 5, 1, 1, 10, 13, 7, 1, 1, 15, 25, 22, 9, 1, 1, 21, 41, 46, 33, 11, 1, 1, 28, 61, 79, 73, 46, 13, 1, 1, 36, 85, 121, 129, 106, 61, 15, 1, 1, 45, 113, 172, 201, 191, 145, 78, 17, 1, 1, 55, 145, 232, 289, 301, 265, 190, 97, 19, 1

Offset: 0

Author

Peter Luschny, Mar 21 2023

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl

Comments

A combination of a multiset M is an unordered selection of k objects of M, where every object can appear at most as many times as it appears in M.

A(n, k) = Cardinality(Union_{j=0..k} Combination(MultiSet(1^[j*n], 0^[(k-j)*n]))), where MultiSet(r^[s], u^[v]) denotes a set that contains the element r with multiplicity s and the element u with multiplicity v; thus the multisets under consideration have n*k elements. Since the base set is {1, 0} the elements can be represented as binary strings. Applying the combination operator to the multisets results in a set of binary strings where '0' resp. '1' can appear at most j*n resp. (k-j)*n times. 'At most' means that they do not have to appear; in other words, the resulting set always includes the empty string ''.

In contrast to the procedure in A361045 we consider here the cardinality of the set union and not the sum of the individual cardinalities. If you want to exclude the empty string, you will find the sequences listed in A361521. The same construction with multiset permutations instead of multiset combinations results in A361043.

A different view can be taken if one considers the hypergeometric representation, hypergeom([-k, -m], [1], n). This is a family of arrays that includes the 'rascal' triangle: the all 1's array A000012 (m = 0), the rascal array A077028 (m = 1), this array (m = 2), and A361731 (m = 3).

Examples

			Array A(n, k) starts:
   [0] 1,  1,   1,    1,   1,   1,   1,    1, ...  A000012
   [1] 1,  3,   6,   10,  15,  21,  28,   36, ...  A000217
   [2] 1,  5,  13,   25,  41,  61,  85,  113, ...  A001844
   [3] 1,  7,  22,   46,  79, 121, 172,  232, ...  A038764
   [4] 1,  9,  33,   73, 129, 201, 289,  393, ...  A081585
   [5] 1, 11,  46,  106, 191, 301, 436,  596, ...  A081587
   [6] 1, 13,  61,  145, 265, 421, 613,  841, ...  A081589
   [7] 1, 15,  78,  190, 351, 561, 820, 1128, ...  A081591
   000012  | A028872 | A239325 |
       A005408    A100536   A069133
.
Triangle T(n, k) starts:
   [0] 1;
   [1] 1,  1;
   [2] 1,  3,   1;
   [3] 1,  6,   5,   1;
   [4] 1, 10,  13,   7,   1;
   [5] 1, 15,  25,  22,   9,   1;
   [6] 1, 21,  41,  46,  33,  11,   1;
   [7] 1, 28,  61,  79,  73,  46,  13,  1;
   [8] 1, 36,  85, 121, 129, 106,  61, 15,  1;
   [9] 1, 45, 113, 172, 201, 191, 145, 78, 17, 1.
.
Row 4 of the triangle:
A(0, 4) =  1 = card('').
A(1, 3) = 10 = card('', 0, 00, 000, 1, 10, 100, 11, 110, 111).
A(2, 2) = 13 = card('', 0, 00, 000, 0000, 1, 10, 100, 11, 110, 1100, 111, 1111).
A(3, 1) =  7 = card('', 0, 00, 000, 1, 11, 111).
A(4, 0) =  1 = card('').
		

Crossrefs

Rows: A000012, A000217, A001844, A038764, A081585, A081587, A081589, A081591.

Columns: A000012, A005408, A028872, A100536, A239325, A069133.

Cf. A239592 (main diagonal), A239331 (transposed array).

Cf. A361045, A361043, A361521, A361731, A077028.

Programs

Maple

A := (n, k) -> 1 + n*k*(4 + n*(k - 1))/2:
for n from 0 to 7 do seq(A(n, k), k = 0..7) od;
# Alternative:
ogf := n -> (1 + (n - 1)*x)^2 / (1 - x)^3:
ser := n -> series(ogf(n), x, 12):
row := n -> seq(coeff(ser(n), x, k), k = 0..9):
seq(print(row(n)), n = 0..7);

SageMath

def A(m: int, steps: int) -> int:
    if m == 0: return 1
    size = m * steps
    cset = set()
    for a in range(0, size + 1, m):
        S = [str(int(i < a)) for i in range(size)]
        C = Combinations(S)
        cset.update("".join(i for i in c) for c in C)
    return len(cset)
def ARow(n: int, size: int) -> list[int]:
    return [A(n, k) for k in range(size + 1)]
for n in range(8): print(ARow(n, 7))

Formula

A(n, k) = 1 + n*k*(4 + n*(k - 1))/2.

T(n, k) = 1 + k*(n - k)*(4 + k*(n - k - 1))/2.

A(n, k) = [x^k] (1 + (n - 1)*x)^2 / (1 - x)^3.

A(n, k) = hypergeom([-k, -2], [1], n).

A(n, k) = A361521(n, k) + 1.