A368153 Triangular array T(n,k), read by rows: coefficients of strong divisibility sequence of polynomials p(1,x) = 1, p(2,x) = 1 + 2*x, p(n,x) = u*p(n-1,x) + v*p(n-2,x) for n >= 3, where u = p(2,x), v = 1 - 3*x - x^2.

1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 4, -2, 4, 5, 5, 4, -10, 5, 8, 10, -3, 4, -25, 6, 13, 16, 1, -29, 14, -49, 7, 21, 28, -8, -24, -78, 56, -84, 8, 34, 47, -12, -88, -26, -162, 168, -132, 9, 55, 80, -31, -140, -200, 100, -330, 408, -195, 10, 89, 135, -58, -301, -230, -296

Offset: 1

Author

Clark Kimberling, Jan 20 2024

Keywords

• sign
• tabl

Comments

Because (p(n,x)) is a strong divisibility sequence, for each integer k, the sequence (p(n,k)) is a strong divisibility sequence of integers.

Examples

			First eight rows:
   1
   1   2
   2   1   3
   3   4  -2    4
   5   5   4  -10    5
   8  10  -3    4  -25    6
  13  16   1  -29   14  -49    7
  21  28  -8  -24  -78   56  -84   8
Row 4 represents the polynomial p(4,x) = 3 + 4*x - 2*x^2 + 4*x^3, so (T(4,k)) = (3,4,-2,4), k=0..3.
		

Links

• Rigoberto Flórez, Robinson Higuita, and Antara Mukherjee, Characterization of the strong divisibility property for generalized Fibonacci polynomials, Integers, 18 (2018), 1-28, Paper No. A14.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000045 (column 1); A000027 (p(n,n-1)); A057083 (row sums), (p(n,1)); A182228 (alternating row sums), (p(n,-1)); A190970, (p(n,2)); A030195, (p(n,-2)); A052918, (p(n,-3)); A190972, (p(n,-4)); A057085, (p(n,-5)); A094440, A367208, A367209, A367210, A367211, A367297, A367298, A367299, A367300, A367301, A368150, A368151, A368152.

Programs

Mathematica

p[1, x_] := 1; p[2, x_] := 1 + 2 x; u[x_] := p[2, x]; v[x_] := 1 - 3x - x^2;
p[n_, x_] := Expand[u[x]*p[n - 1, x] + v[x]*p[n - 2, x]]
Grid[Table[CoefficientList[p[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}]]
Flatten[Table[CoefficientList[p[n, x], x], {n, 1, 10}]]

Formula

p(n,x) = u*p(n-1,x) + v*p(n-2,x) for n >= 3, where p(1,x) = 1, p(2,x) = 1 + 2*x, u = p(2,x), and v = 1 - 3*x - x^2.

p(n,x) = k*(b^n - c^n), where k = -1/sqrt(5 - 8*x), b = (1/2)*(2*x + 1 - 1/k), c = (1/2)*(2*x + 1 + 1/k).