A371419 -id:A371419 - cp's OEIS frontend

A371418 The largest aliquot divisor of the sum of divisors of n; a(1) = 1.

1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 9, 6, 14, 7, 12, 12, 1, 9, 13, 10, 21, 16, 18, 12, 30, 1, 21, 20, 28, 15, 36, 16, 21, 24, 27, 24, 13, 19, 30, 28, 45, 21, 48, 22, 42, 39, 36, 24, 62, 19, 31, 36, 49, 27, 60, 36, 60, 40, 45, 30, 84, 31, 48, 52, 1, 42, 72, 34, 63, 48, 72

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Mar 23 2024

Carmichael (1921) defined this arithmetic function for the purpose of studying periodic chains that are formed by repeatedly applying the mapping x -> a(x) starting at a given positive integer. This results in a sequence that is analogous to an aliquot sequence.
Periodic chains of cycle 1 are the fixed points of this sequence. 1 and the even perfect numbers (the even terms of A000396) are fixed points. Are there any other numbers k such that a(k) = k?
If a(k) = k and k is even, then a(k) is even and so is sigma(k), and therefore sigma(k) = 2*k and k is an even perfect number. If k is odd, then it is an odd multiperfect number, and no odd multiperfect number above 1 is known.
More specifically, if a(k) = k and k is odd, then k must be a square, and an m-multiperfect number (number k such that sigma(k) = m * k), with m being an odd prime number that is the least prime factor of sigma(k). For example, if there is an odd triperfect number (A005820) then it is a fixed point of this sequence.
Periodic chains of cycle 2 are amicable pairs (A371419 and A371420). Are there any longer cycles?

			The sum of the divisors of 3 is 1 + 3 = 4. The divisors of 4 are 1, 2, 4. 2 is the largest aliquot divisor of 4. Therefore a(3) = 2.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Robert D. Carmichael, Empirical Results in the Theory of Numbers, The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 14, No. 6 (1921), pp. 305-310; alternative link. See p. 309.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Aliquot Sequence.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Multiperfect Number.
Wikipedia, Aliquot sequence.

Cf. A000203, A000396, A005820, A023194, A028982, A028983, A032742, A071189, A371419, A371420, A371421, A371422, A371423.

r[n_] := n/FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]]; a[n_] := r[DivisorSigma[1, n]]; Array[a, 100]

a(n) = {my(s = sigma(n)); if(s == 1, 1, s/factor(s)[1, 1]);}

a(n) = A032742(A000203(n)).
a(n) = A000203(n)/A071189(n).
a(n) = A000203(n)/2 if n is in A028983 (i.e., n is not in A028982).
a(k) = 1 if and only if k = 1 or k is in A023194.

A371420 Greater member of Carmichael's variant of amicable pair: numbers k < m such that s(k) = m and s(m) = k, where s(k) = A371418(k).

Original entry on oeis.org

14, 62, 124, 189, 254, 508, 2032, 16382, 32764, 131056, 262142, 524284, 524224, 1048574, 2097148, 2097136, 8388592, 8388544, 33554368, 536866816, 2147479552, 4294967294, 8589934588, 34359738352, 34359672832, 137438953408

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Mar 23 2024

The terms are ordered according to their lesser counterparts (A371419).

			14 is a term since A371418(14) = 12 < 14, and A371418(12) = 14.

Robert D. Carmichael, Empirical Results in the Theory of Numbers, The Mathematics Teacher, Vol. 14, No. 6 (1921), pp. 305-310; alternative link. See p. 309.

Cf. A371418, A371419.

Similar sequences: A002046, A002953, A126166, A126170, A259039, A292981, A322542, A324709, A348344.

r[n_] := n/FactorInteger[n][[1, 1]]; s[n_] := r[DivisorSigma[1, n]]; seq = {}; Do[m = s[n]; If[m > n && s[m] == n, AppendTo[seq, m]], {n, 1, 10^6}]; seq

f(n) = {my(s = sigma(n)); if(s == 1, 1, s/factor(s)[1, 1]);}
lista(nmax) = {my(m); for(n = 1, nmax, m = f(n); if(m > n && f(m) == n, print1(m, ", ")));}

cp's OEIS Frontend

A371418 The largest aliquot divisor of the sum of divisors of n; a(1) = 1.

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