cp's OEIS Frontend

A108628(n) = B(n+1,n,n+1) in the notation of Straub, equation 24, where it is shown that the supercongruences A108628(n*p^k) == A108628(n*p^(k-1)) (mod p^(3*k)) hold for all primes p >= 5 and all positive integers n and k.

Inductively define a family of sequences {a(i,n) : n >= 0}, i >= 0, by setting a(0,n) = A108628(n) and, for i >= 1, a(i,n) = [x^n] ( exp(Sum_{k >= 1} a(i-1,k)*x^k/k) )^n. In this notation the present sequence is {a(1,n)}.

We conjecture that the sequences {a(i,n) : n >= 0}, i >= 1, satisfy the supercongruences u(n*p^r) == u(n*p^(r-1)) (mod p^(3*r)) for all primes p >= 7, and positive integers n and r.

A108628(n) = B(n+1,n,n+1) in the notation of Straub, equation 24, where it is shown that the supercongruences A108628(n*p^k) == A108628(n*p^(k-1)) (mod p^(3*k)) hold for all primes p >= 5 and all positive integers n and k.

It is known that the sequence of Franel numbers A000172 satisfies the Gauss congruences A000172(n*p^r) == A000172(n*p^(r-1)) (mod p^r) for all primes p and positive integers n and r.

One consequence is that the power series expansion of E(x) = exp( Sum_{k >= 1} A000172(k)*x^k/k ) = 1 + 2*x + 7*x^2 + 30*x^3 + 147*x^4 + ... (the g.f. of A166990) has integer coefficients (see, for example, Beukers, Proposition, p. 143). Therefore a(n) = [x^n] E(x)^n is an integer.

In fact, the Franel numbers satisfy stronger congruences than the Gauss congruences known as supercongruences: A000172(n*p^r) == A000172(n*p^(r-1)) (mod p^(3*r)) for all primes p >= 5 and positive integers n and r.