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User: Piyush Kumar Jha

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Piyush Kumar Jha has authored 1 sequences.

A384693 a(n) is the number of lattice points (r,s) such that 0

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 7, 9, 9, 13, 14, 16, 21, 26, 27, 29, 29, 33, 35, 37, 37, 42, 48, 52, 56, 62, 63, 70, 70, 76, 77, 81, 83, 94, 95, 95, 98, 108, 109, 113, 113, 118, 125, 127, 127, 140, 146, 156, 160, 167, 168, 174, 180, 187, 188, 191, 191, 206, 207, 208, 216, 228, 234, 239, 239, 247, 249, 258, 258, 275, 276, 280, 292
Offset: 0

Author

Piyush Kumar Jha, Jul 23 2025

Keywords

Comments

This sequence gives the number of invisible lattice points along circular arcs surrounded in a n X n square. Visibility is defined for the family (x-t)^2 + y^2 = t^2, for t being a positive rational, this sequence is important in the sense that it proves that density of invisible points goes to 0 and hence density of visible points comes out to be 1.

Examples

			For n=4, a(4) = 2 because (2,4) and (4,2) are the only points for which there exists a d (1 for both cases) for which ((2^2+4^2)d-2d^2)/2 is a perfect square for some integer d, 0<d<2 and ((4^2+2^)d-4d^2)/4 is a perfect square for some integer d, 0<d<4.
For n=5, a(5) = 3 because (2,4) and (4,2) are the points already there satisfying the criterion; also, (5,5) is another point because ((5^2+5^2)*1-5*1^2)/5 = 9, which is a perfect square. Hence, a(5)=3.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A033996.

Programs

  • Haskell
    isSquare n = (floor . sqrt . fromIntegral $ n) ^ 2 == n
    valid a b = not $ null [() | d <- [1..a-1]
      , let (q, r) =((a^2 + b^2) * d - a * d^2) `divMod` a
      , r == 0
      , isSquare q]
    count n = length
      [ ()
      | a <- [1..n]
      , b <- [1..n]
      , valid a b
      ]

Formula

Define I(r,s) = 1 if there exists an integer d, 1 <= d < r, such that ((r^2 + s^2)*d - r*d^2) / r is a perfect square, and I(r,s) = 0 otherwise.
Let a(0) = 0. For n >= 1, a(n) = a(n-1) + Sum_{s=1..n} I(n,s) + Sum_{r=1..n-1} I(r,n).