A002171 Glaisher's chi numbers. a(n) = chi(4*n + 1).

1, -2, -3, 6, 2, 0, -1, -10, 0, -2, 10, 6, -7, 14, 0, -10, -12, 0, -6, 0, 9, -4, 10, 0, 18, -2, 0, 6, -14, -18, -11, 12, 0, 0, -22, 0, 20, 14, -6, 22, 0, 0, 23, -26, 0, -18, 4, 0, -14, -2, 0, -20, 0, 0, 0, 12, 3, 30, 26, 0, -30, 14, 0, 0, 2, 30, -28, -26, 0, -18, 10, 0, -13, -34, 0, 0, 20, 0, 26, 22, 0, -6, 0, 6, 18, 0

Offset: 0

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

• sign
• easy
• nice

Comments

Number 49 of the 74 eta-quotients listed in Table I of Martin (1996).

Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).

Glaisher (1884) essentially defines chi(n) as the sum over all solutions of n = x^2 + y^2 with even y and nonnegative odd x of x * (-1)^((x + y - 1)/2) and proves that it is multiplicative. If n is not == 1 (mod 4) then chi(n) = 0. - Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012

Denoted by g_2(q) in Cynk and Hulek on page 8 as the unique weight 2 level 32 newform. - Michael Somos, Aug 24 2012

This is a member of an infinite family of integer weight modular forms. g_1 = A008441, g_2 = A002171, g_3 = A000729, g_4 = A215601, g_5 = A215472. - Michael Somos, Aug 24 2012

The weight 2 level N = 32 newform (eta(q^4)*eta(q^8))^2 belongs to the elliptic curves y^2 = x^3 + 4*x , y^2 = x^3 - x, y^2 = x^3 - 11*x - 14 and y^2 = x^3 - 11*x + 14. See the Martin-Ono link, Theorem 2, row N = 32, and the Cremona link, Table 1, N = 32. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 26 2016

Examples

			G.f. = 1 - 2*x - 3*x^2 + 6*x^3 + 2*x^4 - x^6 - 10*x^7 - 2*x^9 + 10*x^10 + ...
G.f. (eta(q^4)*eta(q^8))^2 = q - 2*q^5 - 3*q^9 + 6*q^13 + 2*q^17 - q^25 - 10*q^29 - 2*q^37 + 10*q^41 + ...
		

References

• N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
• N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Links

• Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000 (first 1001 terms from T. D. Noe)
• Amanda Clemm, Modular Forms and Weierstrass Mock Modular Forms, Mathematics, volume 4, issue 1, (2016)
• J. E. Cremona, Algorithms for Modular Elliptic Curves.
• S. Cynk and K. Hulek, Construction and examples of higher-dimensional modular Calabi-Yau manifolds, arXiv:math/0509424 [math.AG], 2005-2006.
• S. R. Finch, Powers of Euler's q-Series, arXiv:math/0701251 [math.NT], 2007.
• Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018.
• J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function chi(n), Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 20 (1884), 97-167.
• J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function chi(n), Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 20 (1884), 97-167. [Annotated scanned copy]
• T. Ishikawa, Congruences between binomial coefficients binomial(2f,f) and Fourier coefficients of certain eta-products, Hiroshima Math. J. 22 (1992), no. 3, 583-590.
• M. Koike, On McKay's conjecture, Nagoya Math. J., 95 (1984), 85-89.
• Y. Martin, Multiplicative eta-quotients, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 348 (1996), no. 12, 4825-4856, see page 4852 Table I.
• Yves Martin and Ken Ono, Eta-Quotients and Elliptic Curves, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 125, No 11 (1997), 3169-3176.
• Michael Somos, Index to Yves Martin's list of 74 multiplicative eta-quotients and their A-numbers
• Michael Somos, Introduction to Ramanujan theta functions
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Ramanujan Theta Functions
• Index entries for sequences related to Glaisher's numbers

Crossrefs

Cf. A000203, A002172, A278720, A279955.

Programs

Magma

A := Basis( ModularForms( Gamma0(32), 2), 341); A[2] - 2*A[6]; /* Michael Somos, Jun 12 2014 */

Magma

qEigenform( EllipticCurve( [0, 0, 0, -1, 0]), 341); /* Michael Somos, Jun 12 2014 */

Magma

Basis( CuspForms( Gamma0(32), 2), 341)[1]; /* Michael Somos, Mar 25 2015 */

Mathematica

max=100; f[x_] := Product[(1-x^k)*(1-x^(2k)), {k, 1, max}]^2; CoefficientList[ Series[ f[x], {x, 0, max}], x](* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 04 2012, after g.f. *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (QPochhammer[ x] QPochhammer[ x^2])^2, {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ EllipticTheta[ 4, 0, x] QPochhammer[ x^2]^3, {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012 *)

PARI

{a(n) = if( n<0, 0, ellak( ellinit( [0, 0, 0, -1, 0], 1), 4*n + 1))}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 27 2006 */

PARI

{a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( (eta(x + A) * eta(x^2 + A))^2, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 27 2006 */

PARI

{a(n) = my(A, p, e, x, y, a0, a1); if( n<0, 0, A = factor( 4*n + 1); prod( k=1, matsize(A)[1], [p, e] = A[k, ]; if( p==2, 0, p%4==3, (-p)^(e/2) * (1 + (-1)^e) / 2, forstep( i=1, sqrtint(p), 2, if( issquare( p - i^2, &y), x=i; break)); a0 = 1; y = a1 = x * (-1)^((x + y)\2) * if(y, 2, 1); for(i=2, e, x = y * a1 - p * a0; a0=a1; a1=x); a1 )))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2012 */

Formula

Expansion of (psi(x) * phi(-x))^2 = phi(-x) * f(-x^2)^3 in powers of x where phi(), psi(), f() are Ramanujan theta functions.

Expansion of q^(-1/4) * eta(q)^2 * eta(q^2)^2 in powers of q.

Euler transform of period 2 sequence [-2, -4, ...].

a(n) = b(4*n + 1) where b(n) is multiplicative with b(p^e) = b(p) * b(p^(e-1)) - p * b(p^(e-2)) and b(p) = p - number of solutions of y^2 = x^3 - x (mod p). - Michael Somos, Jul 27 2006. b(p(n)) = A278720(n). - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 26 2016

G.f.: (Product_{k>0} (1 - x^k) * (1 - x^(2*k)))^2.

G.f.: Sum_{k>=0} a(k) * x^(4*k + 1) = (Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^k * (2*k + 1) * x^(2*k + 1)^2) * (Sum_{k in Z} (-1)^k * x^(4*k)^2).

Coefficients of L-series for elliptic curve "32a2": y^2 = x^3 - x.

G.f. is a period 1 Fourier series which satisfies f(-1 / (32 t)) = 32 (t/i)^2 f(t) where q = exp(2 Pi i t).

G.f.: exp(2*Sum_{k>=1} (sigma(2*k) - 4*sigma(k))*x^k/k). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Sep 19 2018