A002335 -id:A002335 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002334 Least positive integer x such that prime A038873(n) = x^2 - 2y^2 for some y.

2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 11, 9, 9, 11, 13, 11, 11, 15, 13, 13, 13, 17, 15, 19, 15, 19, 17, 21, 17, 19, 17, 17, 19, 21, 25, 19, 19, 23, 25, 23, 21, 23, 21, 21, 29, 23, 25, 23, 27, 29, 23, 31, 33, 25, 29, 27, 25, 25, 27, 29, 35, 31, 31, 27, 29, 33, 31, 29, 29, 29, 29, 37, 31, 41, 35

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

A prime p is representable in the form x^2 - 2y^2 iff p is 2 or p == 1 or 7 (mod 8). - Pab Ter (pabrlos2(AT)yahoo.com), Oct 22 2005
From Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 17 2015: (Start)
For the corresponding y terms see A002335.
a(n), together with A002335(n), gives the fundamental positive  solution of the first class of this (generalized) Pell equation. The prime 2 has only one class of proper solutions. The fundamental positive solutions of the second class for the primes from A001132 are given in A254930 and A254931. (End)

			The first solutions [x(n), y(n)] are (the prime is given as first entry): [2,[2,1]], [7,[3,1]], [17,[5,2]], [23,[5,1]], [31,[7,3]], [41,[7,2]], [47,[7,1]], [71,[11,5]], [73,[9,2]], [79,[9,1]], [89,[11,4]], [97,[13,6]], [103,[11,3]], [113,[11,2]], [127,[15,7]], [137,[13,4]], [151,[13,3]], [167,[13,1]], [191,[17,7]], [193,[15,4]], [199,[19,9]], [223,[15,1]], [233,[19,8]], [239,[17,5]], [241,[21,10]], [257,[17,4]], [263,[19,7]], [271,[17,3]], ... - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Feb 17 2015

A. J. C. Cunningham, Quadratic Partitions. Hodgson, London, 1904, p. 1.
D. H. Lehmer, Guide to Tables in the Theory of Numbers. Bulletin No. 105, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1941, p. 55.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
A. J. C. Cunningham, Quadratic Partitions, Hodgson, London, 1904 [Annotated scans of selected pages]

Cf. A002335, A035251.

with(numtheory): readlib(issqr): for i from 1 to 250 do p:=ithprime(i): pmod8:=modp(p,8): if p=2 or pmod8=1 or pmod8=7 then for y from 1 do x2:=p+2*y^2: if issqr(x2) then printf("%d,",sqrt(x2)): break fi od fi od: # Pab Ter, May 08 2004

maxPrimePi = 200;
Reap[Do[If[MatchQ[Mod[p, 8], 1|2|7], rp = Reduce[x > 0 && y > 0 && p == x^2 - 2*y^2, {x, y}, Integers]; If[rp =!= False, xy = {x, y} /. {ToRules[rp /. C[1] -> 1]}; x0 = xy[[All, 1]] // Min // Simplify; Print[{p, xy[[1]]} ]; Sow[x0]]], {p, Prime[Range[maxPrimePi]]}]][[2, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 27 2019 *)

a(n)^2 - 2*A002335(n)^2 = A038873(n), n >= 1, and a(n) is the least positive integer satisfying this Pell type equation. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2015

More terms from Pab Ter (pabrlos(AT)yahoo.com), May 08 2004

The name has been changed in order to be more precise and to conform with A002335. The offset has been changed to 1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2015

A254761 One half of the fundamental positive solution y = y1(n) of the first class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A007519(n), n >= 1 (primes congruent to 1 mod 8).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 1, 4, 2, 1, 7, 3, 1, 7, 8, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 5, 3, 2, 8, 10, 2, 6, 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 4, 7, 3, 2, 9, 1, 12, 7, 3, 5

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2015

For the corresponding term x1(n) see A254760(n).
See A254760 also for the Nagell reference.
The least positive y solutions (that is the ones of the first class) for the primes +1 and -1 (mod 8) together (including in the first class also prime 2) are given in A002335.

			See A254760.
n = 3: 9^2 - 2*(2*1)^2 = 81 - 8 = 73.

Cf. A007519, A254760, A254762, 2*A254763, A002335.

A254760(n)^2 - 2*(2*a(n))^2 = A007519(n) gives the smallest positive (proper) solution of this (generalized) Pell equation.

A255246 Fundamental positive solution y = y1(n) of the first class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = -A038873(n), n>=1 (primes congruent to {1,2,7} mod 8).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 7, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 10, 12, 10, 11, 10, 14, 11, 12, 11, 13, 12, 14, 15, 14, 13, 13, 17, 18, 14, 14, 15, 17, 16, 19, 20, 15, 17, 16, 18, 16, 16, 21, 17, 17, 21, 18, 19, 22, 23, 20, 19, 18, 19, 20, 26, 22, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 21

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 25 2015

For the corresponding term x1(n) see A255235(n).
For the primes 1 (mod 8) see A154935, and for the primes 7 (mod 8) see 2*A255232.
See A254934 and A254938 also for the derivation based on the Nagell reference given there.

			See A255235.
n = 1: 4^2 - 2*3^2 = -2 = -A038873(1),
n = 3: 1^2 - 2*3^2 = 1 - 18 = -17 = -A038873(3).

Cf. A038873, A255235, A255247, A255248, A254935, 2*A255232, A002335.

A255235(n)^2 - 2*a(n)^2 = -A038873(n) gives the smallest positive (proper) solution of this (generalized) Pell equation.

More terms from Colin Barker, Feb 26 2015

A254765 Fundamental positive solution y = y1(n) of the first class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A007522(n), n >=1 (primes congruent to 7 mod 8).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 1, 3, 7, 3, 1, 7, 9, 1, 5, 7, 3, 5, 1, 9, 11, 7, 1, 9, 5, 11, 13, 11, 3, 7, 17, 11, 1, 7, 13, 3, 1, 7, 13, 5, 15, 21, 11, 7, 13, 5, 9, 1, 17, 23, 1

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2015

For the corresponding term x1(n) see A254764(n).
See A254764 for comments and the Nagell reference.
The least positive y solutions (that is the ones of the first class) for the primes +1 and -1 (mod 8) together (including also prime 2) are given in A002335.

			A254764(4)^2 - 2*a(4)^2 = 7^2 - 2*1^2 = 47 = A007522(4).

Cf. A007522, A254764, A254766, A254929, A254760, A254761, A254762, A254763, A002335.

A254764(n)^2 - 2*a(n)^2 = A007522(n) gives the smallest positive (proper) solution of this (generalized) Pell equation.

A254930 Fundamental positive solution x = x2(n) of the second class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A001132(n), n >= 1 (primes congruent to 1 or 7 mod 8).

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 7, 11, 9, 13, 17, 13, 19, 23, 17, 15, 21, 25, 17, 23, 27, 35, 23, 29, 21, 41, 25, 31, 23, 35, 29, 39, 43, 37, 31, 27, 49, 53, 33, 31, 37, 47, 41, 55, 59, 31, 45, 39, 49, 37, 35, 61, 37, 35

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2015

The corresponding terms y = y2(n) are given in A254931(n).
There is only one fundamental solution for prime 2 (no second class exists), and this solution (x, y) has been included in (A002334(1), A002335(1)) = (2, 1).
The second class x sequence for the primes 1 (mod 8), which are given in A007519, is A254762, and for the primes 7 (mod 8), given in A007522, it is A254766.
The second class solutions give the second smallest positive integer solutions of this Pell equation.
For comments and the Nagell reference see A254760.

			n = 3: 11^2 - 2*7^2 = 23 = A001132(3) = A007522(2).
The first pairs of these second class solutions [x2(n), y2(n)] are (a star indicates primes congruent to 1 (mod 8)):
n  A001132(n)   a(n)  A254931(n)
1     7           5        3
2    17 *         7        4
3    23          11        7
4    31           9        5
5    41 *        13        8
6    47          17       11
7    71          13        7
8    73 *        19       12
9    89 *        17       10
10   97 *        15        8
11  103          21       13
12  113 *        25       16
13  127          17        9
14  137 *        23       14
15  151          27       17
16  167          35       23
17  191          23       13
18  193 *        29       18
19  199          21       11
20  223          41       27
...

Cf. A001132, A254931, A002334, A002335, A007519, A254762, A007522, A254766, A254760.

Reap[For[p = 2, p < 1000, p = NextPrime[p], If[MatchQ[Mod[p, 8], 1|7], rp = Reduce[x > 0 && y > 0 && x^2 - 2 y^2 == p, {x, y}, Integers]; If[rp =!= False, xy = {x, y} /. {ToRules[rp /. C[1] -> 1]}; x2 = xy[[-1, 1]] // Simplify; Print[x2]; Sow[x2]]]]][[2, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 28 2019 *)

a(n)^2 - 2*A254931(n)^2 = A001132(n), and a(n) is the second largest (proper) positive integer solving this (generalized) Pell equation.

a(n) = 3*A002334(n+1) - 4*A002335(n+1), n >= 1.

A254931 Fundamental positive solution y = y2(n) of the second class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A001132(n), n >= 1, (primes congruent to 1 or 7 mod 8).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 4, 7, 5, 8, 11, 7, 12, 15, 10, 8, 13, 16, 9, 14, 17, 23, 13, 18, 11, 27, 14, 19, 12, 22, 17, 25, 28, 23, 18, 14, 32, 35, 19, 17, 22, 30, 25, 36, 39, 16, 28, 23, 31, 21, 19, 40, 20, 18, 38

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 12 2015

The corresponding terms x = x2(n) are given in A254930(n).
The y2-sequence for the second class for the primes congruent to 1 (mod 8), which are given in A007519, is 2*A254763. For the primes congruent to 7 (mod 8), given in A007522, the y2-sequence is A254929.
For comments and the Nagell reference see A254760.

			a(4) = 2*7 - 3*3 = 5.
A254930(4)^2 - 2*a(4)^2 = 9^2 - 2*5^2 = 31 = A001132(4) = A007522(3).
See A254930 for the first pairs (x2(n), y2(n)).

Cf. A254930, A001132, A002334, A002335, A007519, 2*A254763, A007522, A254929, A254760.

Reap[For[p = 2, p < 1000, p = NextPrime[p], If[MatchQ[Mod[p, 8], 1|7], rp = Reduce[x > 0 && y > 0 && x^2 - 2 y^2 == p, {x, y}, Integers]; If[rp =!= False, xy = {x, y} /. {ToRules[rp /. C[1] -> 1]}; y2 = xy[[-1, 2]] // Simplify; Print[y2]; Sow[y2]]]]][[2, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 28 2019 *)

A254930(n)^2 - 2*a(n)^2 = A001132(n), and a(n) is the second largest (proper) positive integer satisfying this (generalized) Pell equation.

a(n) = 2*A002334(n+1) - 3*A002335(n+1), n >= 1.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A002334 Least positive integer x such that prime A038873(n) = x^2 - 2y^2 for some y.

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A254761 One half of the fundamental positive solution y = y1(n) of the first class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A007519(n), n >= 1 (primes congruent to 1 mod 8).

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A255246 Fundamental positive solution y = y1(n) of the first class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = -A038873(n), n>=1 (primes congruent to {1,2,7} mod 8).

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A254765 Fundamental positive solution y = y1(n) of the first class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A007522(n), n >=1 (primes congruent to 7 mod 8).

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A254930 Fundamental positive solution x = x2(n) of the second class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A001132(n), n >= 1 (primes congruent to 1 or 7 mod 8).

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A254931 Fundamental positive solution y = y2(n) of the second class of the Pell equation x^2 - 2*y^2 = A001132(n), n >= 1, (primes congruent to 1 or 7 mod 8).

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