A052483 -id:A052483 - cp's OEIS frontend

A248930 Decimal expansion of c = 2Product_{prime p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/(p(p-1)^2)), a constant related to the problem of integral Apollonian circle packings.

1, 6, 4, 9, 3, 3, 7, 6, 8, 9, 0, 9, 8, 0, 3, 0, 7, 0, 1, 0, 2, 5, 9, 4, 2, 9, 3, 3, 3, 6, 0, 1, 7, 8, 9, 6, 3, 6, 6, 9, 2, 3, 5, 7, 6, 6, 2, 5, 6, 6, 1, 1, 4, 4, 9, 0, 5, 7, 7, 2, 4, 8, 8, 3, 8, 4, 2, 5, 6, 4, 5, 1, 8, 9, 4, 8, 0, 7, 7, 2, 5, 2, 0, 6, 9, 0, 2, 0, 4, 2, 4, 8, 5, 2, 5, 3, 6, 0, 1, 0, 2, 7, 0, 1, 7

Offset: 1

Jean-François Alcover, Oct 17 2014

			1.64933768909803...

Steven R. Finch, Apollonian circles with integer curvatures, p. 6. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
Elena Fuchs and Katherine Sanden, Some experiments with integral Apollonian circle packings, arXiv:1001.1406 [math.NT] p. 7.

Cf. A002145, A052483, A189226, A189227.

kmax = 25; Do[ P[k] = Product[p = Prime[n]; If[Mod[p, 4] == 3, 1 - 2/(p*(p - 1)^2) // N[#, 40]&, 1], {n, 1, 2^k}]; Print["P(", k, ") = ", P[k]], {k, 10, kmax}]; c = 2*P[kmax]; RealDigits[c, 10, 15] // First
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
$MaxExtraPrecision = 1000; digits = 121;
f[p_] := (1 - 2/(p*(p - 1)^2));
coefs = Rest[CoefficientList[Series[Log[f[1/x]], {x, 0, 1000}], x]];
S[m_, n_, s_] := (t = 1; sums = 0; difs = 1; While[Abs[difs] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difs == 0, difs = (MoebiusMu[t]/t) * Log[If[s*t == 1, DirichletL[m, n, s*t], Sum[Zeta[s*t, j/m]*DirichletCharacter[m, n, j]^t, {j, 1, m}]/m^(s*t)]]; sums = sums + difs; t++]; sums);
P[m_, n_, s_] := 1/EulerPhi[m] * Sum[Conjugate[DirichletCharacter[m, r, n]] * S[m, r, s], {r, 1, EulerPhi[m]}] + Sum[If[GCD[p, m] > 1 && Mod[p, m] == n, 1/p^s, 0], {p, 1, m}];
m = 2; sump = 0; difp = 1; While[Abs[difp] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difp == 0, difp = coefs[[m]]*P[4, 3, m]; sump = sump + difp; m++];
RealDigits[Chop[N[2*Exp[sump], digits]], 10, digits - 1][[1]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 16 2021 *)

More digits from Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 27 2020

A248938 Decimal expansion of beta = G^2(2/3)Product_{prime p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/(p*(p-1)^2)) (where G is Catalan's constant), a constant related to the problem of integral Apollonian circle packings.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 6, 1, 2, 6, 0, 9, 0, 8, 6, 1, 3, 8, 6, 1, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 8, 5, 2, 9, 8, 4, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 0, 7, 5, 1, 5, 8, 0, 1, 3, 8, 3, 4, 4, 3, 7, 6, 5, 8, 8, 2, 0, 6, 3, 0, 0, 7, 0, 3, 9, 7, 7, 5, 1, 9, 0, 7, 1, 2, 8, 1, 6, 0, 7, 2, 2, 0, 7, 4, 9, 8, 3, 7, 9, 1, 0, 4, 2, 6, 0, 7, 2, 6, 2, 1, 4, 8, 0, 7, 2, 3, 1, 6, 3, 1, 6

Offset: 0

Jean-François Alcover, Oct 17 2014

			0.4612609086138613...

Steven R. Finch, Apollonian circles with integer curvatures, p. 6. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, p. 256.
Elena Fuchs and Katherine Sanden, Some experiments with integral Apollonian circle packings, arXiv:1001.1406 [math.NT] p. 7.
Peter Sarnak, Integral Apollonian Packings, Princeton MAA Lecture - January, 2009, p. 21.

Cf. A006752, A042944, A042946, A052483, A189226, A189227, A248930.

kmax = 25; Clear[P]; Do[P[k] = Product[p = Prime[n]; If[Mod[p, 4] == 3 , 1 - 2/(p*(p - 1)^2) // N[#, 40]&, 1], {n, 1, 2^k}]; Print["P(", k, ") = ", P[k]], {k, 10, kmax}]; beta = Catalan^2*(2/3)*P[kmax]; RealDigits[beta, 10, 16] // First
(* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
$MaxExtraPrecision = 1000; digits = 121;
f[p_] := (1 - 2/(p*(p - 1)^2));
coefs = Rest[CoefficientList[Series[Log[f[1/x]], {x, 0, 1000}], x]];
S[m_, n_, s_] := (t = 1; sums = 0; difs = 1; While[Abs[difs] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difs == 0, difs = (MoebiusMu[t]/t) * Log[If[s*t == 1, DirichletL[m, n, s*t], Sum[Zeta[s*t, j/m]*DirichletCharacter[m, n, j]^t, {j, 1, m}]/m^(s*t)]]; sums = sums + difs; t++]; sums);
P[m_, n_, s_] := 1/EulerPhi[m] * Sum[Conjugate[DirichletCharacter[m, r, n]] * S[m, r, s], {r, 1, EulerPhi[m]}] + Sum[If[GCD[p, m] > 1 && Mod[p, m] == n, 1/p^s, 0], {p, 1, m}];
m = 2; sump = 0; difp = 1; While[Abs[difp] > 10^(-digits - 5) || difp == 0, difp = coefs[[m]]*P[4, 3, m]; sump = sump + difp; m++];
RealDigits[Chop[N[2*Catalan^2/3 * Exp[sump], digits]], 10, digits - 1][[1]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 16 2021 *)

beta = (G^2/3)*A248930, where G is Catalan's constant A006752.

More digits from Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 27 2020

A189226 Curvatures in the nickel-dime-quarter Apollonian circle packing, ordered first by generation and then by size.

Original entry on oeis.org

-11, 21, 24, 28, 40, 52, 61, 157, 76, 85, 96, 117, 120, 132, 181, 213, 237, 376, 388, 397, 132, 156, 160, 189, 204, 205, 216, 237, 253, 285, 288, 309, 316, 336, 349, 405, 412, 421, 453, 460, 469, 472, 517, 544, 565, 616, 628, 685, 717, 741, 1084, 1093, 1104, 1125, 1128, 1140

Offset: 1

Jonathan Sondow, Apr 18 2011

For a circle, curvature = 1/radius. The curvatures of a quarter, nickel, and dime are approximately proportional to 21, 24, and 28, respectively. Three mutually tangent circles with curvatures 21, 24, 28 can be inscribed in a circle of curvature 11.
Apollonius's and Descartes's Theorems say that, given three mutually tangent circles of curvatures a, b, c, there are exactly two circles tangent to all three, and their curvatures are a + b + c +- 2*sqrt(ab + ac + bc). (Here negative curvature of one of the two circles means that the three circles are inscribed in it.)
Fuchs (2009) says "An Apollonian circle packing ... is made by repeatedly inscribing circles into the triangular interstices in a Descartes configuration of four mutually tangent circles. Remarkably, if the original four circles have integer curvature, all of the circles in the packing will have integer curvature as well." That is because if a + b + c - 2s*qrt(ab + ac + bc) is an integer, then so is a + b + c + 2*sqrt(ab + ac + bc).
For n > 1, the n-th generation of the packing has 4*3^(n-2) circles.
Infinitely many of the curvatures are prime numbers A189227. In fact, in any integral Apollonian circle packing that is primitive (i.e., the curvatures have no common factor), the prime curvatures constitute a positive fraction of all primes (Bourgain 2012) and there are infinitely many pairs of tangent circles both of whose curvatures are prime (Sarnak 2007, 2011).
Fuchs and Sanden (2012) report on experiments with the nickel-dime-quarter Apollonian circle packing, which they call the coins packing P_C.

			The 1st-generation curvatures are -11, 21, 24, 28, the 2nd are 40, 52, 61, 157, and the 3rd are 76, 85, 96, 117, 120, 132, 181, 213, 237, 376, 388, 397. The 4th generation begins 132, 156, 160, 189, 204, 205, 216, ....
As 21 + 24 + 28 +- 2*sqrt(21*24 + 21*28 + 24*28) = 157 or -11, the sequence begins -11, 21, 24, 28, ... and 157 is in it.
The primes 157 and 397 are the curvatures of two circles that are tangent.

D. Austin, When Kissing Involves Trigonometry, AMS feature column March 2006.
J. Bourgain, Integral Apollonian circle packings and prime curvatures, arXiv:1105.5127 [math.NT], 2011-2012.
J. Bourgain and A. Kontorovich, On the Strong Density Conjecture for Integral Apollonian Circle Packings, arXiv:1205.4416 [math.NT], 2012-2013. See figure 1.
S. Butler, R. Graham, G. Guettler and C. Mallows, Irreducible Apollonian configurations and packings, Discrete & Computational Geometry, 44 (2010), 487-507.
E. Fuchs, Arithmetic Properties of Apollonian Circle Packings, Ph.D. thesis 2009.
E. Fuchs and K. Sanden, Some experiments with integral Apollonian circle packings, Experiment. Math. 20 (2011), 380-399.
R. L. Graham, J. C. Lagarias, C. L. Mallows, Allan Wilks, and C. H. Yan, Apollonian Circle Packings: Number Theory, J. Number Theory, 100 (2003), 1-45.
R. L. Graham, J. C. Lagarias, C. L. Mallows, Allan Wilks, and C. H. Yan, Apollonian Circle Packings: Geometry and Group Theory I. The Apollonian Group., Discrete & Computational Geometry, 34 (2005), no. 4, 547-585.
K. E. Hirst, The Apollonian Packing of Circles, J. London Math. Soc. s1-42(1) (1967), 281-291.
E. Kasner and F. Supnick, The Apollonian packing of circles, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 29 (1943), 378-384.
A. Kontorovich, From Apollonius to Zaremba: Local-global phenomena in thin orbits, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 50 (2013), 187-228.
J. C. Lagarias, C. L. Mallows, and Allan Wilks, Beyond the Descartes Circle Theorem, Amer. Math Monthly, 109 (2002), 338-361.
L. Levine, W. Pegden, C. K. Smart, Apollonian Structure in the Abelian Sandpile, arXiv:1208.4839 [math.AP], 2012-2014.
D. Mackenzie, A Tisket, a Tasket, an Apollonian Gasket, American Scientist, 98 (2010).
C. L. Mallows, Growing Apollonian Packings, J. Integer Sequences, 12 (2009), article 09.2.1.
I. Peterson, Circle game, Science News, 4/21/01.
I. Peterson, Temple circles, Math Trek, 4/23/01.
P. Sarnak, Letter to Lagarias on integral Apollonian packings, June, 2007.
P. Sarnak, Integral Apollonian packings, MAA Lecture, Jan 2009.
P. Sarnak, Integral Apollonian packings, Amer. Math. Monthly, 118 (2011), 291-306.
K. E. Stange, The sensual Apollonian circle packing, arXiv:1208.4836 [math.NT], 2012-2014.
Wikipedia, Integral Apollonian circle packings
Wikipedia, Descartes' theorem

Cf. A042944, A042946, A042945, A045506, A045673, A045864, A052483, A060790, A135849, A137246, A154636, A154637, A154638, A171090, A189227, A218155, A248938, A265495, A294510.

root = {-11, 21, 24, 28};
triples = Subsets[root, {3}];
a = {root};
Do[
  ng = Table[Total@t + 2 Sqrt@Total[Times @@@ Subsets[t, {2}]], {t, triples}];
  AppendTo[a, Sort@ng];
  triples = Join @@ Table[{t, r} = tr; Table[Append[p, r], {p, Subsets[t, {2}]}], {tr, Transpose@{triples, ng}}]
  , {k, 3}];
Flatten@a (* Andrey Zabolotskiy, May 29 2022 *)

a(n) == 0, 4, 12, 13, 16, or 21 (mod 24).

Terms a(28) and beyond from Andrey Zabolotskiy, May 29 2022

cp's OEIS Frontend

A248930 Decimal expansion of c = 2*Product_{prime p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/(p*(p-1)^2)), a constant related to the problem of integral Apollonian circle packings.

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A248938 Decimal expansion of beta = G^2*(2/3)*Product_{prime p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/(p*(p-1)^2)) (where G is Catalan's constant), a constant related to the problem of integral Apollonian circle packings.

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A189226 Curvatures in the nickel-dime-quarter Apollonian circle packing, ordered first by generation and then by size.

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A187089 Decimal expansion of the fractal dimension of the Apollonian sphere packing.

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A248930 Decimal expansion of c = 2Product_{prime p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/(p(p-1)^2)), a constant related to the problem of integral Apollonian circle packings.

A248938 Decimal expansion of beta = G^2(2/3)Product_{prime p == 3 (mod 4)} (1 - 2/(p*(p-1)^2)) (where G is Catalan's constant), a constant related to the problem of integral Apollonian circle packings.