cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

A056293 Number of n-bead necklace structures using a maximum of five different colored beads.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 42, 123, 503, 2008, 8720, 38365, 173609, 792828, 3662924, 17034381, 79703081, 374624254, 1767883444, 8370666417, 39751072847, 189262621864, 903220058756, 4319518316899, 20697040198889, 99343899144822, 477609477924308, 2299585449279713
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Turning over the necklace is not allowed. Colors may be permuted without changing the necklace structure.

References

  • M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Adn[d_, n_] := Module[{ c, t1, t2}, t2 = 0; For[c = 1, c <= d, c++, If[Mod[d, c] == 0 , t2 = t2 + (x^c/c)*(E^(c*z) - 1)]]; t1 = E^t2; t1 = Series[t1, {z, 0, n+1}]; Coefficient[t1, z, n]*n!]; Pn[n_] := Module[{ d, e, t1}, t1 = 0; For[d = 1, d <= n, d++, If[Mod[n, d] == 0, t1 = t1 + EulerPhi[d]*Adn[d, n/d]/n]]; t1/(1 - x)]; Pnq[n_, q_] := Module[{t1}, t1 = Series[Pn[n], {x, 0, q+1}] ; Coefficient[t1, x, q]]; a[n_] := Pnq[n, 5]; Table[Print[an = a[n]]; an, {n, 1, 24}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 04 2013, after N. J. A. Sloane's Maple code *)
    (* this Mathematica program uses Gilbert and Riordan's recurrence formula, which they recommend for calculations: *)
    Adn[d_, n_] := Adn[d, n] = If[1==n, DivisorSum[d, x^# &],
      Expand[Adn[d, 1] Adn[d, n-1] + D[Adn[d, n-1], x] x]];
    Table[SeriesCoefficient[DivisorSum[n, EulerPhi[#] Adn[#, n/#] &]
    /(n (1 - x)), {x, 0, 5}], {n, 1, 40}] (* Robert A. Russell, Feb 24 2018 *)
    From Robert A. Russell, May 29 2018: (Start)
    Table[(1/n) DivisorSum[n, EulerPhi[#] Which[Divisible[#, 60], 5 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 50 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 175 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 250 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 120 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 30], 4 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 41 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 149 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 226 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 120 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 20], 4 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 42 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 156 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 238 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 120 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 15], 3 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 33 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 129 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 210 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 120 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 12], 4 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 40 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 140 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 200 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 96 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 10], 3 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 33 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 130 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 214 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 120 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 6], 3 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 31 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 114 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 176 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 96 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 5], 2 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 23 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 95 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 165 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 100 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 4], 3 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 32 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 121 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 188 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 96 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 3], 2 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 23 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 94 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 160 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 96 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], Divisible[#, 2], 2 StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 23 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 95 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 164 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 96 StirlingS2[n/#, 5], True, StirlingS2[n/#+4, 5] - 13 StirlingS2[n/#+3, 5] + 60 StirlingS2[n/#+2, 5] - 115 StirlingS2[n/#+1, 5] + 76 StirlingS2[n/#, 5]] &], {n, 1, 40}]
    mx = 40; Drop[CoefficientList[Series[1-Sum[(EulerPhi[d] / d) Which[ Divisible[d, 60], Log[1-5x^d], Divisible[d, 30], (3 Log[1-5x^d] + Log[1-x^d]) / 4, Divisible[d, 20], (2 Log[1-5x^d] + Log[1-2x^d]) / 3, Divisible[d, 15], (3 Log[1-5x^d] + 2 Log[1-3x^d] + 3 Log[1-x^d]) / 8, Divisible[d, 12], 4 Log[1-5x^d] / 5, Divisible[d, 10], (5 Log[1-5x^d] + 4 Log[1-2x^d] + 3 Log[1-x^d]) / 12, Divisible[d, 6], (11 Log[1-5x^d] + 5 Log[1-x^d]) / 20, Divisible[d, 5], (5 Log[1-5x^d] + 2 Log[1-3x^d] + 4 Log[1-2x^d] + 9 Log[1-x^d]) / 24, Divisible[d, 4], (7 Log[1-5x^d] + 5 Log[1-2x^d]) / 15, Divisible[d, 3], (7 Log[1-5x^d] + 10 Log[1-3x^d] + 15 Log[1-x^d]) / 40, Divisible[d, 2], (13 Log[1-5x^d] + 20 Log[1-2x^d] + 15 Log[1-x^d]) / 60, True, (Log[1-5x^d] + 10 Log[1-3x^d] + 20 Log[1-2x^d] + 45 Log[1-x^d]) / 120], {d, 1, mx}], {x, 0, mx}], x], 1]
    (End)

Formula

Use de Bruijn's generalization of Polya's enumeration theorem as discussed in reference.
From Robert A. Russell, May 29 2018: (Start)
a(n) = (1/n) * Sum_{d|n} phi(d) * ([d==0 mod 60] * (5*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 50*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 175*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 250*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 120*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d==30 mod 60] * (4*S2(n/d+4,5) - 41*S2(n/d+3,5) + 149*S2(n/d+2,5) - 226*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 120*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d==20 mod 60 | d==40 mod 60] * (4*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 42*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 156*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 238*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 120*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d==15 mod 60 | d==45 mod 60] * (3*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 33*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 129*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 210*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 120*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {12,24,36,48}] * (4*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 40*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 140*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 200*S2(n/d+1, 5) + 96*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d=10 mod 60 | d==50 mod 60] * (3*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 33*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 130*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 214*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 120*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {6,18,42,54}] * (3*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 31*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 114*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 176*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 96*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {5,25,35,55}] * (2*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 23*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 95*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 165*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 100*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {4,8,16,28,32,44,52,56}] * (3*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 32*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 121*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 188*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 96*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {3,9,21,27,33,39,51,57}] * (2*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 23*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 94*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 160*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 96*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {2,14,22,26,34,38,46,58}] * (2*S2(n/d + 4, 5) - 23*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 95*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 164*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 96*S2(n/d, 5)) + [d mod 60 in {1,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,49,53,59}] * (S2[n/d + 4, 5) - 13*S2(n/d + 3, 5) + 60*S2(n/d + 2, 5) - 115*S2(n/d + 1, 5) + 76*S2(n/d, 5))), where S2(n,k) is the Stirling subset number, A008277.
G.f.: 1 - Sum_{d>0} (phi(d) / d) * ([d==0 mod 60] * log(1-5x^d) + [d==30 mod 60] * (3*log(1-5x^d) + log(1-x^d)) / 4 + [d==20 mod 60 | d==40 mod 60] * (2*log(1-5x^d) + log(1-2x^d)) / 3 + [d==15 mod 60 | d==45 mod 60] * (3*log(1-5x^d) + 2*log(1-3x^d) + 3*log(1-x^d)) / 8 + [d mod 60 in {12,24,36,48}] * 4*log(1-5x^d) / 5 + [d=10 mod 60 | d==50 mod 60] * (5*log(1-5x^d) + 4*log(1-2x^d) + 3*log(1-x^d)) / 12 + [d mod 60 in {6,18,42,54}] * (11*log(1-5x^d) + 5*log(1-x^d)) / 20 + [d mod 60 in {5,25,35,55}] * (5*log(1-5x^d) + 2*log(1-3x^d) + 4*log(1-2x^d) + 9*log(1-x^d)) / 24 + [d mod 60 in {4,8,16,28,32,44,52,56}] * (7*log(1-5x^d) + 5*log(1-2x^d)) / 15 + [d mod 60 in {3,9,21,27,33,39,51,57}] * (7*log(1-5x^d) + 10*log(1-3x^d) + 15*log(1-x^d)) / 40 + [d mod 60 in {2,14,22,26,34,38,46,58}] * (13*log(1-5x^d) + 20*log(1-2x^d) + 15*log(1-x^d)) / 60 +[d mod 60 in{1,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,49,53,59}] * (log(1-5x^d) + 10*log(1-3x^d) + 20*log(1-2x^d) + 45*log(1-x^d)) / 120).
(End)