A080924 Jacobsthal gap sequence.

0, 1, 3, 1, 15, 1, 63, 1, 255, 1, 1023, 1, 4095, 1, 16383, 1, 65535, 1, 262143, 1, 1048575, 1, 4194303, 1, 16777215, 1, 67108863, 1, 268435455, 1, 1073741823, 1, 4294967295, 1, 17179869183, 1, 68719476735, 1, 274877906943, 1, 1099511627775, 1

Offset: 0

Author

Paul Barry, Feb 26 2003

Keywords

• nonn
• easy

Comments

Inverse binomial transform of A080925

From Peter Bala, Dec 26 2012: (Start)

Let F(x) = product {n >= 0} (1 - x^(3*n+1))/(1 - x^(3*n+2)). This sequence is the simple continued fraction expansion of the real number F(1/4) = 0.79761 68651 30459 16010 ... = 1/(1 + 1/(3 + 1/(1 + 1/(15 + 1/(1 + 1/(63 + 1/(1 + 1/(255 + ...)))))))). See A111317. (End)

Also, the decimal representation of the diagonal from the corner to the origin of the n-th stage of growth of the two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 3", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood, initialized with a single black (ON) cell at stage zero. - Robert Price, Apr 19 2017

References

• S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 170.

Links

• Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..300
• N. J. A. Sloane, On the Number of ON Cells in Cellular Automata, arXiv:1503.01168 [math.CO], 2015
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
• S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
• Wolfram Research, Wolfram Atlas of Simple Programs
• Index entries for sequences related to cellular automata
• Index to 2D 5-Neighbor Cellular Automata
• Index to Elementary Cellular Automata
• Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (-1,4,4).

Crossrefs

Cf. A001045, A002450, A080926, A080927, A111317.

Programs

Mathematica

CoefficientList[Series[x (1 + 4 x) / ((1 + x) (1 + 2 x) (1 - 2 x)), {x, 0, 50}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 05 2013 *)
LinearRecurrence[{-1, 4, 4}, {0, 1, 3}, 42] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 21 2017 *)

Formula

a(2n) = 3*A001045(2n) = 3*A002450(n) = 4^n-1, a(2n+1)=1.

a(n) = (2^n-2*(-1)^n+(-2)^n)/2.

G.f.: x*(1+4*x)/((1+x)*(1+2*x)*(1-2*x)).

E.g.f.: (exp(2*x)-2*exp(-x)+exp(-2*x))/2.