A082137 Square array of transforms of binomial coefficients, read by antidiagonals.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 6, 4, 1, 4, 12, 16, 8, 1, 5, 20, 40, 40, 16, 1, 6, 30, 80, 120, 96, 32, 1, 7, 42, 140, 280, 336, 224, 64, 1, 8, 56, 224, 560, 896, 896, 512, 128, 1, 9, 72, 336, 1008, 2016, 2688, 2304, 1152, 256, 1, 10, 90, 480, 1680, 4032, 6720, 7680, 5760, 2560, 512

Offset: 0

Author

Paul Barry, Apr 06 2003

Keywords

• easy
• nonn
• tabl

Comments

Rows are associated with the expansions of (x^k/k!)exp(x)cosh(x) (leading zeros dropped). Rows include A011782, A057711, A080929, A082138, A080951, A082139, A082140, A082141. Columns are of the form 2^(k-1)C(n+k, k). Diagonals include A069723, A082143, A082144, A082145, A069720.

T(n, k) is also the number of idempotent order-preserving and order-decreasing partial transformations (of an n-chain) of width k (width(alpha)= |Dom(alpha)|). - Abdullahi Umar, Oct 02 2008

Read as a triangle this is A119468 with rows reversed. A119468 has e.g.f. exp(z*x)/(1-tanh(x)). - Peter Luschny, Aug 01 2012

Read as a triangle this is a subtriangle of A198793. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 10 2013

Examples

			Rows begin
  1 1  2   4   8 ...
  1 2  6  16  40 ...
  1 3 12  40 120 ...
  1 4 20  80 280 ...
  1 5 30 140 560 ...
Read as a triangle, this begins:
  1
  1, 1
  1, 2,  2
  1, 3,  6,  4
  1, 4, 12, 16,   8
  1, 5, 20, 40,  40, 16
  1, 6, 30, 80, 120, 96, 32
  ... - _Philippe Deléham_, Nov 10 2013
		

Links

• G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for the first 50 rows, flattened
• Laradji, A. and Umar, A. Combinatorial results for semigroups of order-preserving partial transformations, Journal of Algebra 278, (2004), 342-359.
• Laradji, A. and Umar, A. Combinatorial results for semigroups of order-decreasing partial transformations, J. Integer Seq. 7 (2004), 04.3.8.

Crossrefs

Cf. A119468, A007318, A134309.

Programs

Maple

# As a triangular array:
T := (n,k) -> 2^(k+0^k-1)*binomial(n,k):
for n from 0 to 9 do seq(T(n,k), k=0..n) od; # Peter Luschny, Nov 10 2017

Mathematica

rows = 11; t[n_, k_] := 2^(n-1)*(n+k)!/(n!*k!); t[0, ] = 1; tkn = Table[ t[n, k], {k, 0, rows}, {n, 0, rows}]; Flatten[ Table[ tkn[[ n-k+1, k ]], {n, 1, rows}, {k, 1, n}]] (* _Jean-François Alcover, Jan 20 2012 *)

Sage

def A082137_row(n) : # as a triangular array
    var('z')
    s = (exp(z*x)/(1-tanh(x))).series(x,n+2)
    t = factorial(n)*s.coefficient(x,n)
    return [t.coefficient(z,n-k) for k in (0..n)]
for n in (0..7) : print(A082137_row(n))  # Peter Luschny, Aug 01 2012

Formula

Square array defined by T(n, k)=(2^(n-1)+0^n/2)C(n + k, n)= Sum{k=0..n, C(n+k, k+j)C(k+j, k)(1+(-1)^j)/2 }.

As an infinite lower triangular matrix, equals A007318 * A134309. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 19 2007

O.g.f. for array read as a triangle: (1-x*(1+t))/((1-x)*(1-x*(1+2*t))) = 1 + x*(1+t) + x^2*(1+2*t+2*t^2) + x^3*(1+3*t+6*t^2+4*t^3) + .... - Peter Bala, Apr 26 2012

For array read as a triangle: T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) + 2*T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k) -2*T(n-2,k-1), T(0,0) = T(1,0) = T(1,1) = 1, T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 10 2013