A104404 Number of groups of order n all of whose subgroups are normal.

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 6, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 12, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 6, 5, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Author

Boris Horvat (Boris.Horvat(AT)fmf.uni-lj.si), Gasper Jaklic (Gasper.Jaklic(AT)fmf.uni-lj.si), Tomaz Pisanski, Apr 19 2005

Keywords

• nonn
• easy
• mult

Comments

A finite non-Abelian group has all of its subgroups normal precisely when it is the direct product of the quaternion group of order 8, a (possibly trivial) elementary Abelian 2-group, and an Abelian group of odd order. [Carmichael, p. 114] - Eric M. Schmidt, Jan 12 2014

References

• Robert D. Carmichael, Introduction to the Theory of Groups of Finite Order, New York, Dover, 1956.
• John C. Lennox and Stewart. E. Stonehewer, Subnormal Subgroups of Groups, Oxford University Press, 1987.

Links

• Hans Havermann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
• Boris Horvat, Gašper Jaklič, and Tomaž Pisanski, On the number of hamiltonian groups, Mathematical Communications, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2005), pp. 89-94; arXiv preprint, arXiv:math/0503183 [math.CO], 2005.
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Abelian Group.
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hamiltonian Group.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000001, A000688, A021002, A048651, A104488.

Programs

Mathematica

orders[n_]:=Map[Last, FactorInteger[n]]; b[n_]:=Apply[Times, Map[PartitionsP, orders[n]]]; e[n_]:=n/ 2^IntegerExponent[n, 2]; h[n_]/;Mod[n, 8]==0:=b[e[n]]; h[n_]:=0; a[n_]:= b[n]+h[n];

PARI

a(n)={my(e=valuation(n, 2)); my(f=factor(n/2^e)[, 2]); prod(i=1, #f, numbpart(f[i]))*(numbpart(e) + (e>=3))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 08 2018

Formula

The number a(n) of all groups of order n all of whose subgroups are normal is given as a(n) = b(n) + h(n), where b(n) denotes the number of Abelian groups of order n and h(n) denotes the number of Hamiltonian groups of order n.

a(n) = A000688(n) + A104488(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 08 2018

Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = A021002 * (1 + A048651/4) = 2.46053840757488111675... . - Amiram Eldar, Sep 23 2023

Extensions

Keyword:mult added by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 08 2018