A105673 One-half of theta series of square lattice (or half the number of ways of writing n > 0 as a sum of 2 squares), without the constant term, which is 1/2.

2, 2, 0, 2, 4, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2, 4, 2, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 6, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 4, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0

Offset: 1

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, May 05 2005

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

This is the Jacobi elliptic function K(q)/Pi - 1/2 [see Fine].

Examples

			G.f. = 2*q + 2*q^2 + 2*q^4 + 4*q^5 + 2*q^8 + 2*q^9 + 4*q^10 + 4*q^13 + 2*q^16 + ...
		

References

• N. J. Fine, Basic Hypergeometric Series and Applications, Amer. Math. Soc., 1988; Eq. (34.4).

Links

• G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Crossrefs

(Theta_3)^2 is given in A004018.

Equals A004018(n)/2 for n > 0.

Programs

Mathematica

CoefficientList[Series[(EllipticTheta[3, 0, x]^2 - 1)/(2 x), {x, 0, 100}], x] (* Jan Mangaldan, Jan 04 2017 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, SquaresR[ 2, n] / 2]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 25 2017 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, 2 DivisorSum[ n, KroneckerSymbol[ -4, #] &]]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 25 2017 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (EllipticTheta[ 3, 0, q]^2 - 1) / 2, {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 25 2017 *)

PARI

qfrep([1, 0; 0, 1], 100)

PARI

{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, qfrep([1, 0; 0, 1], n)[n])}; /* Michael Somos, May 13 2005 */

PARI

{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, 2 * sumdiv( n, d, (d%4==1) - (d%4==3)))}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 25 2017 */

Formula

G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = (u-v)^2 - (v-w) * (4*w + 2). - Michael Somos, May 13 2005

a(n) = 2 * A002654(n). - Michael Somos, Jan 25 2017