A114700 Triangle T, read by rows, such that the m-th matrix power satisfies T^m = I + m*(T - I), where T(n,k) = [T^-1](n-1,k) + [T^-1](n-1,k-1) for n>k>0, with T(n,0)=T(n,n)=1 for n>=0 and I is the identity matrix.

1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 0, -2, -2, 0, 1, 1, -1, -2, -4, -2, 2, 4, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 6, 6, 0, -6, -6, -3, 0, 1, 1, -1, -3, -9, -12, -6, 6, 12, 9, 3, 1, 1, 1, 0, 4, 12, 21, 18, 0, -18, -21, -12, -4, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Author

Paul D. Hanna, Feb 19 2006

Keywords

• sign
• tabl

Comments

The rows of this triangle are symmetric up to sign. Row sums = 2 after row 0. Unsigned row sums = A116466. Row squared sums = A116467. Central terms of odd rows: T(2*n+1,n+1) = |A064310(n)|.

Examples

			Matrix inverse is: T^-1 = 2*I - T.
Matrix log is: log(T) = T - I.
Triangle T begins:
1;
1, 1;
1, 0, 1;
1,-1, 1, 1;
1, 0, 0, 0, 1;
1,-1, 0, 0, 1, 1;
1, 0, 1, 0,-1, 0, 1;
1,-1,-1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1;
1, 0, 2, 2, 0,-2,-2, 0, 1;
1,-1,-2,-4,-2, 2, 4, 2, 1, 1;
1, 0, 3, 6, 6, 0,-6,-6,-3, 0, 1;
1,-1,-3,-9,-12,-6, 6, 12, 9, 3, 1, 1;
1, 0, 4, 12, 21, 18, 0,-18,-21,-12,-4, 0, 1; ...
The g.f. of column k, C_k(x), obeys the recurrence:
C_k = C_{k-1} + (-1)^k*x*(1+2*x)/(1-x)/(1+x)^k with C_0 = 1/(1-x);
so that column g.f.s continue as:
C_1 = C_0 - x*(1+2*x)/(1-x)/(1+x),
C_2 = C_1 + x*(1+2*x)/(1-x)/(1+x)^2,
C_3 = C_2 - x*(1+2*x)/(1-x)/(1+x)^3, ...
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A116466 (unsigned row sums), A116467 (row squared sums), A064310 (central terms); A112555 (variant).

Programs

PARI

T(n,k)=local(x=X+X*O(X^n),y=Y+Y*O(Y^k));polcoeff(polcoeff( 1/(1-x*y)+ x*(1+x-2*x^2*y)/(1-x)/(1+x+x*y)/(1-x*y),n,X),k,Y)

PARI

T(n,k)=local(M=matrix(n+1,n+1));for(r=1,n+1,for(c=1,r, M[r,c]=if(r==c,1,if(c==1,1,if(c>1, (2*M^0-M)[r-1,c-1])+(2*M^0-M)[r-1,c]))));return(M[n+1,k+1])

Formula

G.f.: A(x,y) = 1/(1-x*y)+ x*(1+x-2*x^2*y)/(1-x)/(1+x+x*y)/(1-x*y). G.f. of matrix power T^m: 1/(1-x*y)+ m*x*(1+x-2*x^2*y)/(1-x)/(1+x+x*y)/(1-x*y).