A202671 -id:A202671 - cp's OEIS frontend

A202605 Array: row n shows the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of the Fibonacci self-fusion matrix (A202453).

1, -1, 1, -3, 1, 1, -6, 9, -1, 1, -9, 26, -24, 1, 1, -12, 52, -96, 64, -1, 1, -15, 87, -243, 326, -168, 1, 1, -18, 131, -492, 1003, -1050, 441, -1, 1, -21, 184, -870, 2392, -3816, 3265, -1155, 1, 1, -24, 246, -1404, 4871, -10500, 13710

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Dec 21 2011

Let p(n)=p(n,x) be the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix. The zeros of p(n) are positive and interlace the zeros of p(n+1). (See the references and examples.)
Following is a guide to sequences (f(n)) for symmetric matrices (self-fusion matrices) and characteristic polynomials. Notation: F(k)=A000045(k) (Fibonacci numbers); floor(n*tau)=A000201(n) (lower Wythoff sequence); "periodic x,y" represents the sequence (x,y,x,y,x,y,...).
f(n)........ symmetric matrix.. char. polynomial
1............... A087062....... A202672
n............... A115262....... A202673
n^2............. A202670....... A202671
2n-1............ A202674....... A202675
3n-2............ A202676....... A202677
n(n+1)/2........ A185957....... A202678
2^n-1........... A202873....... A202767
2^(n-1)......... A115216....... A202868
floor(n*tau).... A202869....... A202870
F(n)............ A202453....... A202605
F(n+1).......... A202874....... A202875
Lucas(n)........ A202871....... A202872
F(n+2)-1........ A202876....... A202877
F(n+3)-2........ A202970....... A202971
(F(n))^2........ A203001....... A203002
(F(n+1))^2...... A203003....... A203004
C(2n,n)......... A115255....... A203005
(-1)^(n+1)...... A003983....... A076757
periodic 1,0.... A203905....... A203906
periodic 1,0,0.. A203945....... A203946
periodic 1,0,1.. A203947....... A203948
periodic 1,1,0.. A203949....... A203950
periodic 1,0,0,0 A203951....... A203952
periodic 1,2.... A203953....... A203954
periodic 1,2,3.. A203955....... A203956
...
In the cases listed above, the zeros of the characteristic polynomials are positive. If more general symmetric matrices are used, the zeros are all real but not necessarily positive - but they do have the interlace property. For a guide to such matrices and polynomials, see A202605.

			The 1st principal submatrix (ps) of A202453 is {{1}} (using Mathematica matrix notation), with p(1) = 1-x and zero-set {1}.
...
The 2nd ps is {{1,1},{1,2}}, with p(2) = 1-3x+x^2 and zero-set {0.382..., 2.618...}.
...
The 3rd ps is {{1,1,2},{1,2,3},{2,3,6}}, with p(3) = 1-6x+9x^2-x^3 and zero-set {0.283..., 0.426..., 8.290...}.
  ...
Top of the array A202605:
  1,   -1;
  1,   -3,    1;
  1,   -6,    9,   -1;
  1,   -9,   26,  -24,    1;
  1,  -12,   52,  -96,   64,   -1;
  1,  -15,   87, -243,  326, -168,    1;

S.-G. Hwang, Cauchy's interlace theorem for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices, American Mathematical Monthly 111 (2004) 157-159.
Clark Kimberling, Fusion, Fission, and Factors, Fib. Q., 52 (2014), 195-202.
A. Mercer and P. Mercer, Cauchy's interlace theorem and lower bounds for the spectral radius, International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 23, no. 8 (2000) 563-566.

Cf. A000045, A202453.

f[k_] := Fibonacci[k];
U[n_] := NestList[Most[Prepend[#, 0]] &, #, Length[#] - 1] &[Table[f[k], {k, 1, n}]];
L[n_] := Transpose[U[n]];
F[n_] := CharacteristicPolynomial[L[n].U[n], x];
c[n_] := CoefficientList[F[n], x]
TableForm[Flatten[Table[F[n], {n, 1, 10}]]]
Table[c[n], {n, 1, 12}]
Flatten[%]
TableForm[Table[c[n], {n, 1, 10}]]

A202670 Symmetric matrix based on A000290 (the squares), by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 4, 9, 17, 9, 16, 40, 40, 16, 25, 73, 98, 73, 25, 36, 116, 184, 184, 116, 36, 49, 169, 298, 354, 298, 169, 49, 64, 232, 440, 584, 584, 440, 232, 64, 81, 305, 610, 874, 979, 874, 610, 305, 81, 100, 388, 808, 1224, 1484, 1484, 1224, 808, 388, 100, 121

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Dec 22 2011

Let s=(1,4,9,16,...) and let T be the infinite square matrix whose n-th row is formed by putting n-1 zeros before the terms of s.  Let T' be the transpose of T.  Then A202670 represents the matrix product M=T'*T.  M is the self-fusion matrix of s, as defined at A193722.  See A202671 for characteristic polynomials of principal submatrices of M.
...
row 1 (1,4,9,16,...) A000290
row 2 (4,17,40,73,...) A145995
diagonal (1,17,98,354,...) A000538
antidiagonal sums (1,8,35,112,...) A040977
...
The n-th "square border sum" m(n,1)+m(n,2)+...+m(n,n)+m(n-1,n)+m(n-2,n)+...+m(1,n) is a squared square pyramidal number: [n*(n+1)*(2*n+1)/6]^2; see A000330.

			Northwest corner:
1.....4......9....16....25
4....17.....40....73...116
9....40.....98...184...298
16...73....184...354...584
25...116...298...584...979

Cf. A000290, A202671, A193722.

U = NestList[Most[Prepend[#, 0]] &, #, Length[#] - 1] &[ Table[k^2, {k, 1, 12}]];
L = Transpose[U]; M = L.U; TableForm[M]
m[i_, j_] := M[[i]][[j]];
Flatten[Table[m[i, n + 1 - i], {n, 1, 12}, {i, 1, n}]]

A202672 Array: row n shows the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of the symmetric matrix A087062 based on (1,1,1,1,...); by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, -3, 1, 1, -5, 6, -1, 1, -7, 15, -10, 1, 1, -9, 28, -35, 15, -1, 1, -11, 45, -84, 70, -21, 1, 1, -13, 66, -165, 210, -126, 28, -1, 1, -15, 91, -286, 495, -462, 210, -36, 1, 1, -17, 120, -455, 1001, -1287, 924, -330, 45, -1, 1, -19, 153

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Dec 22 2011

Let p(n)=p(n,x) be the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of A087062. The zeros of p(n) are positive, and they interlace the zeros of p(n+1).

Closely related to A076756; however, for example, successive rows of A076756 are (1,-3,1), (-1,5,-6,1), compared to rows (1,-3,1), (1,-5,6,-1) of A202672.

			The 1st principal submatrix (ps) of A087062 is {{1}} (using Mathematica matrix notation), with p(1)=1-x and zero-set {1}.
...
The 2nd ps is {{1,1},{1,2}}, with p(2)=1-3x+x^2 and zero-set {0.381..., 2.618...}.
...
The 3rd ps is {{1,1,1},{1,2,2},{1,2,3}}, with p(3)=1-5x+6x^2-x^3 and zero-set {0.283..., 0.426..., 8.290...}.
...
Top of the array:
1...-1
1...-3....1
1...-5....6....-1
1...-7...15...-10....1
1...-9...28...-35...15...-1

S.-G. Hwang, Cauchy's interlace theorem for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices, American Mathematical Monthly 111 (2004) 157-159.
A. Mercer and P. Mercer, Cauchy's interlace theorem and lower bounds for the spectral radius, International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 23, no. 8 (2000) 563-566.

Cf. A087062, A202673 (based on n), A202671 (based on n^2), A202605 (based on Fibonacci numbers), A076756.

U[n_] := NestList[Most[Prepend[#, 0]] &, #, Length[#] - 1] &[Table[1, {k, 1, n}]];
L[n_] := Transpose[U[n]];
F[n_] := CharacteristicPolynomial[L[n].U[n], x];
c[n_] := CoefficientList[F[n], x]
TableForm[Flatten[Table[F[n], {n, 1, 10}]]]
Table[c[n], {n, 1, 12}]
Flatten[%]
TableForm[Table[c[n], {n, 1, 10}]]
Table[(F[k] /. x -> -2), {k, 1, 30}] (* A007583 *)
Table[(F[k] /. x -> 2), {k, 1, 30}]  (* A087168 *)

A202673 Array: row n shows the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of the symmetric matrix A115263 based on (1,2,3,4,...); by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, -6, 1, 1, -12, 20, -1, 1, -18, 75, -50, 1, 1, -24, 166, -328, 105, -1, 1, -30, 293, -1050, 1134, -196, 1, 1, -36, 456, -2432, 5140, -3312, 336, -1, 1, -42, 655, -4690, 15471, -20814, 8514, -540, 1, 1, -48, 890, -8040, 36771, -80584

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Dec 22 2011

Let p(n)=p(n,x) be the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of A115262 (when A115262 is formatted as a square matrix). The zeros of p(n) are positive, and they interlace the zeros of p(n+1).

			The 1st principal submatrix (ps) of A115263 is {{1}} (using Mathematica matrix notation), with p(1)=1-x and zero-set {1}.
...
The 2nd ps is {{1,2},{2,5}}, with p(2)=1-6x+x^2 and zero-set {0.171..., 5.828...}.
...
The 3rd ps is {{1,2,3},{2,5,8},{3,8,14}}, with p(3)=1-12x+20x^2-x^3 and zero-set {0.099..., 0.516..., 19.383...}.
...
Top of the array:
1....-1
1....-6.....1
1...-12....20.....-1
1...-18....75....-50....1
1...-24...166...-328..105..-1

S.-G. Hwang, Cauchy's interlace theorem for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices, American Mathematical Monthly 111 (2004) 157-159.
A. Mercer and P. Mercer, Cauchy's interlace theorem and lower bounds for the spectral radius, International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 23, no. 8 (2000) 563-566.

Cf. A115262, A202671 (based on n^2), A202605 (based on Fibonacci numbers)

U[n_] := NestList[Most[Prepend[#, 0]] &, #, Length[#] - 1] &[Table[k, {k, 1, n}]];
L[n_] := Transpose[U[n]];
F[n_] := CharacteristicPolynomial[L[n].U[n], x];
c[n_] := CoefficientList[F[n], x]
TableForm[Flatten[Table[F[n], {n, 1, 10}]]]
Table[c[n], {n, 1, 12}]
Flatten[%]
TableForm[Table[c[n], {n, 1, 10}]]

cp's OEIS Frontend

A202605 Array: row n shows the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of the Fibonacci self-fusion matrix (A202453).

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A202670 Symmetric matrix based on A000290 (the squares), by antidiagonals.

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A202672 Array: row n shows the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of the symmetric matrix A087062 based on (1,1,1,1,...); by antidiagonals.

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A202673 Array: row n shows the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the n-th principal submatrix of the symmetric matrix A115263 based on (1,2,3,4,...); by antidiagonals.

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

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Mathematica