A212382 Number A(n,k) of Dyck n-paths all of whose ascents have lengths equal to 1+k*m (m>=0); square array A(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, read by antidiagonals.

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 14, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 42, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 12, 132, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 30, 429, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 16, 79, 1430, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7, 37, 213, 4862, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 22, 83, 584, 16796, 1

Offset: 0

Author

Alois P. Heinz, May 12 2012

Keywords

• nonn
• tabl

Comments

Lengths of descents are unrestricted.

For p>0 is column p asymptotic to a(n) ~ s^2 / (n^(3/2) * r^(n-1/2) * sqrt(2*Pi*p*(s-1)*(1+s/(1+p*(s-1))))), where r and s are real roots (0 < r < 1) of the system of equations r = p*(s-1)^2 / (s*(1-p+p*s)), (r*s)^p = (s-1-r*s)/(s-1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 16 2014

Examples

			A(0,k) = 1: the empty path.
A(3,0) = 1: UDUDUD.
A(3,1) = 5: UDUDUD, UDUUDD, UUDDUD, UUDUDD, UUUDDD.
A(3,2) = 2: UDUDUD, UUUDDD.
A(5,3) = 6: UDUDUDUDUD, UDUUUUDDDD, UUUUDDDDUD, UUUUDDDUDD, UUUUDDUDDD, UUUUDUDDDD.
Square array A(n,k) begins:
  1,   1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, ...
  1,   1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, ...
  1,   2,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, ...
  1,   5,  2,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, ...
  1,  14,  5,  2,  1,  1,  1,  1, ...
  1,  42, 12,  6,  2,  1,  1,  1, ...
  1, 132, 30, 16,  7,  2,  1,  1, ...
  1, 429, 79, 37, 22,  8,  2,  1, ...
		

Links

• Alois P. Heinz, Antidiagonals n = 0..140, flattened
• Vaclav Kotesovec, Asymptotic of subsequences of A212382

Crossrefs

Columns k=0-10 give: A000012, A000108, A101785, A212383, A212384, A212385, A212386, A212387, A212388, A212389, A212390.

A(2n,n) gives A323229.

Programs

Maple

b:= proc(x, y, k, u) option remember;
      `if`(x<0 or y `if`(k=0, 1, b(n, n, k, true)):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..15);
# second Maple program
A:= (n, k)-> `if`(k=0, 1, coeff(series(RootOf(
               A||k=1+x*A||k/(1-(x*A||k)^k), A||k), x, n+1), x, n)):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..15);

Mathematica

b[x_, y_, k_, u_] := b[x, y, k, u] = If[x<0 || yJean-François Alcover, Jan 15 2014, translated from first Maple program *)

Formula

G.f. of column k>0 satisfies: A_k(x) = 1+x*A_k(x)/(1-(x*A_k(x))^k), g.f. of column k=0: A_0(x) = 1/(1-x).

G.f. of column k>0 is series_reversion(B(x))/x where B(x) = x/(1 + x + x^(k+1) + x^(2*k+1) + x^(3*k+1) + ... ) = x/(1+x/(1-x^k)); for Dyck paths with allowed ascent lengths {u_1, u_2, ...} use B(x) = x/( 1 + sum(k>=1, x^{u_k} ) ). - Joerg Arndt, Apr 23 2016