A212953 Minimal order of degree-n irreducible polynomials over GF(2).

1, 3, 7, 5, 31, 9, 127, 17, 73, 11, 23, 13, 8191, 43, 151, 257, 131071, 19, 524287, 25, 49, 69, 47, 119, 601, 2731, 262657, 29, 233, 77, 2147483647, 65537, 161, 43691, 71, 37, 223, 174763, 79, 187, 13367, 147, 431, 115, 631, 141, 2351, 97, 4432676798593, 251

Offset: 1

Author

Alois P. Heinz, Jun 01 2012

Keywords

• nonn

Comments

a(n) = smallest odd m such that A002326((m-1)/2) = n. - Thomas Ordowski, Feb 04 2014

For n > 1; n < a(n) < 2^n, wherein a(n) = n+1 iff n+1 is A001122 a prime with primitive root 2, or a(n) = 2^n-1 iff n is a Mersenne exponent A000043. - Thomas Ordowski, Feb 08 2014

Examples

			For n=4 the degree-4 irreducible polynomials p over GF(2) are 1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4, 1+x+x^4, 1+x^3+x^4. Their orders (i.e., the smallest integer e for which p divides x^e+1) are 5, 15, 15. (Example: (1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4) * (1+x) == x^5+1 (mod 2)). Thus the minimal order is 5 and a(4) = 5.
		

References

• W. Narkiewicz, Elementary and Analytic Theory of Algebraic Numbers, Springer 2004, Third Edition, 4.3 Factorization of Prime Ideals in Extensions. More About the Class Group (Theorem 4.33), 4.4 Notes to Chapter 4 (Theorem 4.40). - Regarding the first comment.

Links

• Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1236 (first 179 terms from Alois P. Heinz)
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Irreducible Polynomial
• Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Polynomial Order

Crossrefs

Cf. A003060, A059912, A213224.

Programs

Maple

with(numtheory):
M:= proc(n) option remember;
      divisors(2^n-1) minus U(n-1)
    end:
U:= proc(n) option remember;
      `if`(n=0, {}, M(n) union U(n-1))
    end:
a:= n-> min(M(n)[]):
seq(a(n), n=1..50);

Mathematica

M[n_] := M[n] = Divisors[2^n-1] ~Complement~ U[n-1];
U[n_] := U[n] = If[n == 0, {}, M[n] ~Union~ U[n-1]];
a[n_] := Min[M[n]];
Array[a, 50] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 22 2017, translated from Maple *)

Formula

a(n) = min(M(n)) with M(n) = {d : d|(2^n-1)} \ U(n-1) and U(n) = M(n) union U(n-1) for n>0, U(0) = {}.

a(n) = A059912(n,1) = A213224(n,1).