A220097 Number of words on {1,1,2,2,3,3,...,n,n} avoiding the pattern 123.
1, 1, 6, 43, 352, 3114, 29004, 280221, 2782476, 28221784, 291138856, 3045298326, 32222872906, 344293297768, 3709496350512, 40256666304723, 439645950112788, 4828214610825948, 53286643424088024, 590705976259292856, 6574347641664629388, 73433973722458186608
Offset: 0
Keywords
Examples
For n=2, the a(2)=6 words are 1122, 1212, 1221, 2112, 2121, 2211. For n=3, 213312 would be counted because it has no increasing subsequence of length 3, but 113223 would not be counted because it does have such an increasing subsequence. For n=2, the a(2)=6 ordered set partitions are 12/34, 13/24, 14/23, 34/12, 24/13, 23/14. For n=3, 46/23/15 would be counted because there is no way to choose i from the first block, j from the second block, and k from the third block such that i<j<k, but 13/25/46 would not be counted because we may select 1, 2, and 4 as a 123 pattern.
Links
- Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..931 (terms n=1..25 from Lara Pudwell)
- Ferenc Balogh, A generalization of Gessel's generating function to enumerate words with double or triple occurrences in each letter and without increasing subsequences of a given length, preprint arXiv:1505.01389 [math.CO], 2015.
- W. Y. C. Chen, A. Y. L. Dai and R. D. P. Zhou, Ordered Partitions Avoiding a Permutation of Length 3, arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.3187 [math.CO], 2013.
- Anant Godbole, Adam Goyt, Jennifer Herdan, and Lara Pudwell, Pattern Avoidance in Ordered Set Partitions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1212.2530 [math.CO], 2012.
- Robert A. Proctor, Matthew J. Willis, Convexity of tableau sets for type A Demazure characters (key polynomials), parabolic Catalan numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.03094 [math.CO], 2017.
- Robert A. Proctor, Matthew J. Willis, Parabolic Catalan numbers count flagged Schur functions and their appearances as type A Demazure characters (key polynomials), arXiv:1706.04649 [math.CO], 2017.
- Lara Pudwell, Enumeration schemes for words avoiding permutations, in Permutation Patterns (2010), S. Linton, N. Ruskuc, and V. Vatter, Eds., vol. 376 of London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, Cambridge University Press, pp. 193-211. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Nathaniel Shar, Experimental methods in permutation patterns and bijective proof, PhD Dissertation, Mathematics Department, Rutgers University, May 2016.
- N. Shar, D. Zeilberger, The (Ordinary) Generating Functions Enumerating 123-Avoiding Words with r Occurrences of Each of 1, 2,..., n are Always Algebraic, arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.5052 [math.CO], 2014.
Programs
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Mathematica
Rest@ CoefficientList[Series[Sqrt[2/(1 + 2 x + Sqrt[1 - 12 x])], {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Oct 05 2016 *) Table[Sum[(-1)^(n+k) Binomial[n,k]CatalanNumber[n+k], {k,0,n}], {n,1,20}] (* Peter Luschny, Aug 15 2017 *)
Formula
a(n) ~ 12^n/(sqrt(Pi)*(7*n/3)^(3/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 22 2013
G.f. = sqrt( 2/(1+2*x+sqrt(1-12*x))) [Chen et al.] - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 09 2013
Conjecture: a(n) = (2/Pi)*Integral_{t=0..1} sqrt((1 - t)/t)*(16*t^2 - 4*t)^n = Catalan(2*n)*2F1(-1-2*n,-n;1/2-2*n;1/4). - Benedict W. J. Irwin, Oct 05 2016
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^(n+k)*binomial(n,k)*Catalan(n+k). - Peter Luschny, Aug 15 2017
D-finite with recurrence: 4*n*(2*n+1)*a(n) +2*(-53*n^2+63*n-16)*a(n-1) +9*(13*n^2-59*n+62)*a(n-2) +18*(n-2)*(2*n-5)*a(n-3)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 21 2020
Extensions
a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Nov 15 2019
Comments